Increased cortical recruitment in Huntington's disease using a Simon task

Georgiou‐Karistianis, Nellie; Sritharan, Anusha; Farrow, Maree; Cunnington, Ross; Stout, Julie C.; Bradshaw, John L.; Churchyard, Andrew; Brawn, Tamara-Leigh E.; Chua, Phyllis; Chiu, Edmond; Thiruvady, Dhananjay; Egan, Gary F.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.12.023

Cited by 80 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Functional MRI studies probing cognitive and motor processes in symp-HD individuals provide a largely inconclusive picture of functional reorganization in the cerebral cortex, with decreased activity in occipital and parietal cortices 55 as well as both increased 55,56 and decreased activation in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus. 57 In such task-based studies, however, heterogeneity in neuronal responses is variable, likely reflecting stage of disease, cognitive status and/or differences in behavioural performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have suggested increased prefrontal and parietal activity during cognitive task performance in both near-to-onset pre-HD individuals 8 and symp-HD individuals. 56 Furthermore, increased cerebral blood flow has also been observed in the hippocampus in individuals near to symptom onset. 63 However, it remains unknown whether there are compensatory mechanisms driving such increases in functional activity in symp-HD individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abnormal synchrony of resting state networks in premanifest and symptomatic Huntington disease: the IMAGE-HD study

Poudel

Egan

Churchyard

et al. 2014

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal synchrony of resting state networks in premanifest and symptomatic Huntington disease: the IMAGE-HD study

Poudel

Egan

Churchyard

et al. 2014

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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“…A similar study using fMRI with a serial reaction time task showed decreased activation in early and pre-HD patients in the right middle frontal, left middle occipital, left precuneus, and left middle frontal gyri [75]. While performing a Simon effect task, patients with HD demonstrated increased activation in the caudal anterior cingulate, right inferior frontal cortex, left insula, bilateral parietotemporal cortex, left dorsal premotor and right precuneus/superior parietal regions [76]. Pre-HD patients closer to time of time of clinical diagnosis (<12 years) showed significantly decreased activation within the caudate and thalamus compared to controls, while pre-HD patients ≥12 years from time of diagnosis had an intermediate degree of decreased activation in these regions during a time discrimination task.…”

Section: Functional Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional neuroimaging and chorea: a systematic review

Ehrlich

Walker

2017

J Clin Mov Disord

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Chorea is a hyperkinetic movement disorder consisting of involuntary irregular, flowing movements of the trunk, neck or face. Although Huntington’s disease is the most common cause of chorea in adults, chorea can also result from many other neurodegenerative, metabolic, and autoimmune conditions. While the pathophysiology of these different conditions is quite variable, recent advances in functional imaging have enabled the development of new methods for analysis of brain activity and neuronal dysfunction. In this paper we review the growing body of functional imaging data that has been performed in chorea syndromes and identify particular trends, which can be used to better understand the underlying network changes within the basal ganglia. While it can be challenging to identify whether changes are primary, secondary, or compensatory, identification of these trends can ultimately be useful in diagnostic testing and treatment in many of the conditions that cause chorea.

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“…The conflict between unexpected incoming sensory information and planned or intended movement must be managed by switching from one task to another, and is a fundamental component of the executive system [30,46]. Neuroimaging studies show that tasks involving a switch, such as detecting a target, inhibiting a previous response and initiating a new response, depend on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the superior parietal cortex [5,12,17,24,29,47,49,50]. The cerebellum is also fundamental to the switching process in terms of facilitating learned, predictable motor sequences and, most probably, via feedforward loops, in DLPFC activation in tasks requiring modification to motor behaviour [37,46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment in motor reprogramming in Friedreich ataxia reflecting possible cerebellar dysfunction

et al. 2009

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The cerebellar and spinocerebellar dysfunction seen in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) has known effects on motor function. Recently, it was suggested that people with FRDA may also have impairment in motor planning, either because of cortical pathology or because of cerebello-cortical projections. Fifteen adults with FRDA and 15 matched controls completed a task requiring reciprocating movements between two buttons on a tapping board. Occasionally there was one of three "oddball" stimuli requiring reprogramming of movement. These were change in (1) direction, (2) extent or (3) direction and extent. We hypothesized that people with FRDA would have prolonged movement times due to their movement disorder, and that changes in preparation time would be affected in a way similar to controls, unless there was impairment in motor planning in FRDA. Movement execution and, to a lesser degree, movement preparation were impaired in individuals with FRDA. We argue this points to disturbed cortical function. There was a significant negative correlation between age of onset and all three reprogramming conditions, suggesting an impact of FRDA on developing motor planning. Future studies will be required to establish whether this dysfunction is due to cerebellar impairment interrupting cerebro-ponto-cerebello-thalamo-cerebral loops, primary cortical pathology or a combination of the two.

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Increased cortical recruitment in Huntington's disease using a Simon task

Cited by 80 publications

References 43 publications

Abnormal synchrony of resting state networks in premanifest and symptomatic Huntington disease: the IMAGE-HD study

Abnormal synchrony of resting state networks in premanifest and symptomatic Huntington disease: the IMAGE-HD study

Functional neuroimaging and chorea: a systematic review

Impairment in motor reprogramming in Friedreich ataxia reflecting possible cerebellar dysfunction

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