“…Sodium orthovanadate also inhibits oral squamous, colon and kidney cancer cell proliferation and triggers apoptosis with similar concentrations as the one we report (Khalil & Jameson, ; Klein et al, ) in a manner similar to sodium metavanadate; nevertheless, these reports only mention as possible cause the crosstalk between different signaling phosphoproteins, possibly p53 through the ATM pathway (Suzuki et al, ). Their effect on disruption of cell signaling transduction pathways, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis seem to be valence dependent (Paulpandiyan & Raman, ; Tian et al, ; Wu et al, ; Wu et al, ; Zwolak, ) but the precise cytotoxic mechanism of vanadium compounds remains undetermined (Taddei, Giannoni, Fiaschi, & Chiarugi, ). Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms responsible for NaVO 3 and VOSO 4 cytotoxic activity as each one is representative of biologically important valences of vanadium (Al‐Majed, ; Duprez, Wirawan, Vanden Berghe, & Vandenabeele, ; Kordowiak, Klein, Goc, & Dabros, ; Zwolak, ).…”