Increased default mode network connectivity associated with meditation

Jang, Joon Hwan; Jung, Wi Hoon; Kang, Do Hyung; Byun, Min Soo; Kwon, Soo Jin; Choi, Chi Hoon; Kwon, Jun Soo

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.10.056

Cited by 226 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Because the hippocampus is strongly affected by ANS and HPA axis functioning, this effect may reflect brain state training. The increased functional connectivity between areas that are part of the default mode network (DMN) may indicate network training effects, although there is conflicting evidence whether MM would lead to an increase or decrease of DMN connectivity (Jang et al 2011;Taylor et al 2013). Indeed, some evidence suggests that connectivity is increasing between some areas while decreasing between others (Brewer et al 2011).…”

Section: Meditation Ageing and Cognitive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meditation and Cognitive Ageing: the Role of Mindfulness Meditation in Building Cognitive Reserve

Malinowski

Shalamanova

2017

J Cogn Enhanc

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Mindfulness-related meditation practices engage various cognitive skills including the ability to focus and sustain attention, which in itself requires several interacting attentional subfunctions. There is increasing behavioural and neuroscientific evidence that mindfulness meditation improves these functions and associated neural processes. More so than other cognitive training programmes, the effects of meditation appear to generalise to other cognitive tasks, thus demonstrating far transfer effects. As these attentional functions have been linked to age-related cognitive decline, there is growing interest in the question whether meditation can slowdown or even prevent such decline. The cognitive reserve hypothesis builds on evidence that various lifestyle factors can lead to better cognitive performance in older age than would be predicted by the existing degree of brain pathology. We argue that mindfulness meditation, as a combination of brain network and brain state training, may increase cognitive reserve capacity and may mitigate age-related declines in cognitive functions. We consider available direct and indirect evidence from the perspective of cognitive reserve theory. The limited available evidence suggests that MM may enhance cognitive reserve capacity directly through the repeated activation of attentional functions and of the multiple demand system and indirectly through the improvement of physiological mechanisms associated with stress and immune function. The article concludes with outlining research strategies for addressing underlying empirical questions in more substantial ways.

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Section: Meditation Ageing and Cognitive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meditation and Cognitive Ageing: the Role of Mindfulness Meditation in Building Cognitive Reserve

Malinowski

Shalamanova

2017

J Cogn Enhanc

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“…103 Specifically, whereas selfreferential processing and activity within the DMN is associated with mind wandering, the antithesis of mindful awareness of the present moment, mindfulness promotes de tach ment of identification with the contents of conscious thoughts, known as "reperceiving" or "decentering." 103,104 Activation of the DMN during mindful states is decreased in experienced meditators 105,106 and following MBSR training in meditation-naive participants, 107 and greater activation of the mPFC and functional connectivity of the mPFC with the DMN during rest (e.g., during self-referential processing) has been shown among meditators compared with controls 108 (Fig. 3).…”

Section: The Triple Network Model Of Psychopathology and Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Recent work indicates that mindfulness may be effective in increasing resting state functional connectivity and activity within the DMN. 108 These findings are particularly important given reduced resting state activation and connectivity of the DMN in individuals with PTSD that is thought to lead to disruptions in self-referential processing. 61,92 Additionally, mindfulness may be effective in targeting the hyperactivity in the SN and hyperconnectivity between the DMN and SN seen among individuals with PTSD 61,92 by fostering reduced neur al responding to emotional cues (i.e., reduced AI activation in response to negative stimuli) 67,111 and decreased internetwork connectivity between the DMN and SN.…”

Section: Neurobiological Evidence For Mindfulness-based Approaches Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of the treatment literature and neurobiological evidence

Boyd

Lanius

McKinnon

2018

jpn

277

177

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“…Y. Tang et al 2007) and performance on real-world academic measures, such as the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) (Mrazek et al 2013). Mindfulness meditation training has robust effects on the brain, including increased fronto-parietal structural and functional connectivity (Jang et al 2011;Tang et al 2012;Xue et al 2012).…”

Section: Cognitive Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role and Sources of Individual Differences in Critical-Analytic Thinking: a Capsule Overview

et al. 2014

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Critical-analytic thinking is typically conceived as a meta-construct that arises at the junction of a problem state (i.e., a situation that requires analysis that challenges previous assumptions) and an individual (i.e., an entity with the capacity to exercise critical-analytic thinking). With regard to the latter, there is a substantial body of research focusing on developmental and educational prerequisites for critical-analytic thinking. A less studied aspect of critical-analytic thinking pertains to individual differences, particularly in the set of foundational or componential cognitive skills that embody this construct. The bottom line here is whether, all else being equal (i.e., the same situation and the same developmental/ educational stage), there is variation in whether, when, and how people think critically/ analytically. We argue that there is unequivocal evidence for both the existence and importance of individual differences in critical-analytic thinking. This review focuses on theoretical and empirical evidence, identifying the cognitive processes that serve as the sources of these individual differences and capturing these processes' differential contributions to both the critical and analytic components of this construct.Keywords Critical analytic thinking . Neurocognitive mechanisms . Fluid reasoning . Executive function . Genetic factors . Environmental factors For better or for worse, people differ. The number of dimensions on which they differ is endless; one such dimension is the way they think. Here we are interested in surveying both the presentation and sources of individual differences in critical-analytic thinking. Whereas Educ Psychol Rev (2014) what critical-analytic thinking is, the construct is ill-defined and this has been a source of constant debate. Although the debate has swung from a notion of the skills and capacities necessary for critical-analytic thinking to one of disposition toward truth-seeking (Burbules and Berk 1999), the former provides for analysis and the measurement a set of requisite cognitive processes to unpack, with respect to variability in performance in situations and on tasks requiring critical-analytic thinking. As critical-analytic thinking occurs so naturally for some, yet so painfully arduous for others, it is likely that this type of thinking embeds a "vast variety of cognitive skills" (Lipman 1988) that must be orchestrated together, both developmentally as a capacity, and concurrently, as an act. Thus, both the skills and the way they are combined generate a source of individual differences. The intent of this review is to provide an understanding of how variations in several core neurocognitive systems, stemming from genetic and environmental sources, lead to differences in the capacity for and competency in critical-analytic thinking.Critical-analytic thinking involves the ability to overcome one's own biases by decontextualizing an argument (the critical component) and evaluating it rationally (the analytic component), rather than lo...

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Increased default mode network connectivity associated with meditation

Cited by 226 publications

References 38 publications

Meditation and Cognitive Ageing: the Role of Mindfulness Meditation in Building Cognitive Reserve

Meditation and Cognitive Ageing: the Role of Mindfulness Meditation in Building Cognitive Reserve

Mindfulness-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of the treatment literature and neurobiological evidence

The Role and Sources of Individual Differences in Critical-Analytic Thinking: a Capsule Overview

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