Increased Echogenicity of the Substantia Nigra in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Krauel, Kerstin; Feldhaus, H.; Simon, Andrea; Rehe, Claudia; Gläser, Martin; Flechtner, Hans‐Henning; Heinze, Hans‐Jochen; Niehaus, L.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.013

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…While our observational study was not designed to identify biological mechanisms underlying the observed correlation between ADHD and increased risk of BG&C diseases including Parkinson's disease, it is noteworthy that these conditions have been associated with dysfunctional central nervous system dopaminergic projections [36,37], suggesting common pathway linkages. It is also of note that the substantia nigra (i.e., the cell body region of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons) has been reported to be structurally abnormal in children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [38,39]. It is interesting to speculate that hyperdopaminergic activity, as reported preclinically in at least one model of ADHD (i.e., dopamine transporter knockdown mice [40]), may precede the development of Parkinson's disease, as preclinical electrophysiologic recordings in at least one mouse model of pre-manifest Parkinson's disease (i.e., α-synuclein mutant mice) indicate that hyperdopaminergic activity may serve as a biomarker of dopaminergic neurons that are vulnerable to damage prior to the onset of degeneration [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased risk of diseases of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in patients with a history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Curtin

Fleckenstein

Keeshin

et al. 2018

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity and involves dysregulated dopaminergic pathways. Dopaminergic agents (i.e., amphetamine and methylphenidate) are thus prescribed to treat ADHD. As little is known regarding long-term consequences of either ADHD or its treatment, the objective of this study was to determine if either alters the risk of diseases of the basal ganglia and cerebellum, including Parkinson's disease. Statewide medical records from 1996 to 2016 were retrieved from the Utah Population Database to conduct a retrospective cohort study. Participants included ADHD patients (International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9) diagnosis codes 314.0-314.2, 314.8, 314.9) and 5:1 random sex-matched and age-matched subjects with no ADHD diagnosis history. Both patients and non-ADHD subjects met the following eligibility criteria: (1) no prior diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, secondary parkinsonism, basal ganglia disease, or essential tremor (ICD-9 codes 332.0, 332.1, 333.0, 333.1), (2) born in 1950 or later and age ≥20 years at last follow-up, and (3) no history of substance abuse (illicit drugs or alcohol). Outcomes were measured as time to diagnosis of diseases of the basal ganglia and cerebellum, death, or study-end. A Cox model incorporating a competing risk of death was used to provide hazard ratio estimates. Patients with ADHD (N = 31,769) had a 2.4-fold increased risk of basal ganglia and cerebellum diseases (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0-3.0; P < 0.0001) compared with 158,790 non-ADHD persons, after controlling for sex and age and adjusting for tobacco use and psychotic conditions. In 4960 ADHD patients prescribed psychostimulants, risk of basal ganglia and cerebellum diseases between ages 21 and 49 years was especially pronounced, at 8.6-fold (95% CI: 4.8-15.6; P < 0001). The association of ADHD patients prescribed psychostimulants with higher risk of diseases of the basal ganglia and cerebellum may reflect a more severe ADHD phenotype rather than a direct association between prescribed stimulant use and basal ganglia or cerebellum disorders. Future studies to assess and stratify patient risk so as to inform treatment are warranted.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased risk of diseases of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in patients with a history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Curtin

Fleckenstein

Keeshin

et al. 2018

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Of particular interest is the mesencephalic scanning plane including brainstem, substantia nigra and raphé nuclei. In children, ADHD-associated hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra has consistently been reported and it has been proposed as a potential biological marker for ADHD [ 90 , 91 ]. TCS can aid differential diagnosis (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As of yet, no study has explored the possibility of using TCS to predict the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions. In the context of our study, the TCS-based predictor of treatment outcome will be the size of the echogenic area of the substantia nigra, which has been shown to be associated with the disorder [ 90 , 91 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individualised short-term therapy for adolescents impaired by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder despite previous routine care treatment (ESCAadol)—Study protocol of a randomised controlled trial within the consortium ESCAlife

Geißler

Jans

Banaschewski

et al. 2018

Trials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundDespite the high persistence rate of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) throughout the lifespan, there is a considerable gap in knowledge regarding effective treatment strategies for adolescents with ADHD. This group in particular often shows substantial psychosocial impairment, low compliance and insufficient response to psychopharmacological interventions. Effective and feasible treatments should further consider the developmental shift in ADHD symptoms, comorbidity and psychosocial adversity as well as family dysfunction. Thus, individualised interventions for adolescent ADHD should comprise a multimodal treatment strategy. The randomised controlled ESCAadol study addresses the needs of this patient group and compares the outcome of short-term cognitive behavioural therapy with parent-based telephone-assisted self-help.Methods/designIn step 1, 160 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with a diagnosis of ADHD will undergo a treatment as usual (TAU) observation phase of 1 month. In step 2, those still severely affected are randomised to the intervention group with an Individualised Modular Treatment Programme (IMTP) or a telephone-assisted self-help programme for parents (TASH) as an active control condition. The IMTP was specifically designed for the needs of adolescent ADHD. It comprises 10 sessions of individual cognitive behavioural therapy with the adolescents and/or the parents, for which participants choose three out of 10 available focus modules (e.g. organisational skills and planning, emotion regulation, problem solving and stress management, dysfunctional family communication). TASH combines a bibliotherapeutic component with 10 counselling sessions for the parents via telephone. Primary outcome is the change in ADHD symptoms in a clinician-rated diagnostic interview. Outcomes are assessed at inclusion into the study, after the TAU phase, after the intervention phase and after a further 12-week follow-up period. The primary statistical analysis will be by intention-to-treat, using linear regression models. Additionally, we will analyse psychometric and biological predictors and moderators of treatment response.DiscussionESCAadol compares two short-term non-pharmacological interventions as cost-efficient and feasible treatment options for adolescent ADHD, addressing the specific needs and obstacles to treatment success in this group. We aim to contribute to personalised medicine for adolescent ADHD intended to be implemented in routine clinical care.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), Current Controlled Trial DRKS00008974, http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=DRKS00008974; http://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00008974; Registered on 28 December 2015.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-2635-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…These deficits are closely related to the working memory and the executive functions of the frontal cortex (Denckla, 1996). In an actual study of Krauel et al (2010) using transcranial sonography an increased vulnerability of the nigrostriatal system in ADHD children was found. Furthermore there was a hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra which they interpreted to be a possible correlate of a specific subgroup of ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Word Recognition Memory in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as Reflected by Event-Related Potentials

Prox-Vagedes

Steinert

Zhang

et al. 2011

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly diagnosed in adults. In this study we address the question whether there are impairments in recognition memory. Methods: In the present study 13 adults diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV and 13 healthy controls were examined with respect to event-related potentials (ERPs) in a visual continuous word recognition paradigm to gain information about recognition memory effects in these patients. Results: The amplitude of one attention-related ERP component, the N1, was significantly increased for the ADHD adults compared with the healthy controls in the occipital electrodes. The ERPs for the second presentation were significantly more positive than the ERPs for the first presentation. This effect did not significantly differ between groups. Conclusion: Neuronal activity related to an early attentional mechanism appears to be enhanced in ADHD patients. Concerning the early or the late part of the old/new effect ADHD patients show no difference which suggests that there are no differences with respect to recollection and familiarity-based recognition processes.

show abstract

Increased Echogenicity of the Substantia Nigra in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 29 publications

References 49 publications

Increased risk of diseases of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in patients with a history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Increased risk of diseases of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in patients with a history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Individualised short-term therapy for adolescents impaired by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder despite previous routine care treatment (ESCAadol)—Study protocol of a randomised controlled trial within the consortium ESCAlife

Word Recognition Memory in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as Reflected by Event-Related Potentials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About