Increased Expression of RUNX2 and ALP Resulting from a Combination of Propolis Extract and Bovine Bone Graft in Socket Preservation Material

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the inductive effect of a combination of propolis and BBG extract on RUNX2 and ALP expression in the tooth extraction sockets of Cavia cobaya. Fiftysix Cavia cobaya were divided into four groups: polyethylene glycol (PEG), propolis extract + PEG, BBG + PEG, and propolis extract + BBG + PEG. The lower left incisor was extracted, and the socket subsequently filled with material according to the specific group of which the subject was a member. The subjects were sacrificed on the 14 th and 30 th days. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out under a light microscope at 400x magnification. Statistical analysis was then carried out by means of One-Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. The mean number of RUNX2 and ALP expressions in each group was significantly different. The highest number of RUNX2 and ALP expressions occurred in the propolis + BBG + PEG group on the 30 th day, while the lowest expressions were observed in the control group on the 14 th day. A combination of propolis and BBG extract at a concentration of 2% of active substance effectively increases the expression of RUNX2 and ALP in preserving the tooth extraction sockets of Cavia cobaya.

Applications of honeybee-derived products in bone tissue engineering

“…The third mechanism is related to the antioxidative properties of bee venom, which can accelerate bone repair processes by reducing reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and anti-inflammatory cytokines ( Badr et al, 2016 ). Finally, the next mechanism involves the ability of bee venom to stimulate the production of growth factors such as TGF-β and vascular endothelial growth factor at the site of repair, resulting in cell proliferation and differentiation ( Dang et al, 2011 ; Manivannan et al, 2021 ; Aron et al, 2012 ; Hixon et al, 2019 ; Kresnoadi et al, 2022b ).…”

The Beneficial Effects of Propolis on Osteoblast Differentiation: A Literature Review

“…Propolis contains flavonoids and CAPE that could enhance the expression of BMP-2, BMP-7 (27), FGF-2 39 , and TGF-β 40 , all of which are essential during the phase of cell proliferation. The elevation levels of these signalling molecules would affect the transcription factor RUNX2, which is also stimulated after the application of propolis 33,35,41 . RUNX2 would subsequently promote the proliferation of osteoblasts and stimulate the expression of COL1A1, thereby facilitating the maturation and mineralization of the bone matrix 9,42 .…”

“…Propolis enhances the expression of COL1A1 and ALP 27,[33][34][35]41 . COL1A1 plays a significant role in the extracellular matrix, while ALP facilitates the development of the bone matrix, thereby speeding up bone formation 9,27 .…”

Effect of carbonated hydroxyapatite synthesis from cuttlefish shells on orthodontic relapse prevention: in silico study

“…TGF-β plays a major role in the development and treatment affecting cartilage and bone metabolism, including alveolar bone. The TGF-β-induced bone formation process is driven by the chemotactic attraction of osteoblasts and increased osteoblast proliferation through protein production 24.…”