Increased fat consumption induced by morphine administration in rats

Marks-Kaufman, Robin

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(82)90051-x

Cited by 105 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This may have been done directly through sensory stimulation or indirectly by motor recruitment. Another indirect path may be through activation of opioid mechanisms known to affect ingestive behavior of sweets and fats preferentially in rats and humans (Blass, 1987;Blass, Fitzgerald, & Kehoe, 1987;Marks-Kaufman, 1982;MarksKaufman & Kanarek, 1980;Morley & Levine, 1980).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensorimotor and motivational determinants of hand-mouth coordination in 1-3-day-old human infants.

Blass

Fillion²,

Rochat³

et al. 1989

Developmental Psychology

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Hand-mouth coordination was studied in l-3-day-old human infants by delivering 0.2 ml of sterile 12% sucrose solution intraorally once every 2 min. Sucrose was extraordinarily calming and caused sustained hand-in-mouth contact. The calm state persisted well beyond sucrose termination. Handin-mouth behavior, however, stopped upon sucrose termination, demonstrating stimulus control over this integrated behavior. In subsequent studies we demonstrated that hand-in-mouth behavior was not attributable to calming per se. Moreover, hand activity could be prevented by placing a pacifier in the mouth. This demonstrates that the behavior was under intraoral somesthetic control and was not necessarily the expression of a motor pattern triggered by the sweet taste. These findings are interpreted within the contexts of sucrose (a) calming through an endogenous opioid system and (b) activating suckling-feeding mechanisms, causing the expression of integrated hand, mouth, and head motor patterns.In human development, hand-mouth contact is among the earliest cases of a sustained behavioral pattern that integrates two separate motor systems. Studies of human fetal activity have placed this phenomenon as early as 18 weeks menstrual age (Humphrey, 1968). The behavior remains prominent, appearing within the first hours after birth (Kravitz, Goldenberg, & Neyhus, 1978). According to Korner and her associates (Korner & Beason, 1972; Korner, Church, & Dontchos, 1968;Korner & Kraemer, 1972), it occurs up to 20% of the time in awake infants lying prone or on their sides.Hand-mouth integration changes developmentally, coming under the control of perceptual systems by 5 months of age when infants start to reach for (Hofsten, 1979(Hofsten, , 1982, then to grasp (Yonas & Granrud, 1985), and finally to bring objects to the mouth (Piaget, 1952;Rochat, 1985;Ruff, 1984; see Gibson & Spelke, 1983, for review). The transitional phases between the early behavior that is independent of eye-hand coordination and the later aspects that integrate reaching and grasping have not been identified or analyzed in any systematic fashion.The early expression of hand-mouth contact, its increased frequency during the pregrasping and prereaching months, its expansion during the period when all grasped objects are brought into the mouth, and its eventual contraction to actions supporting ingestive behavior reflect changing elements of control among integrated perceptual, motor, and affective systems. 963brought to-the mouth, could reveal some of the characteristics of perceptual and affective systems determining gustatory and haptic identification of objects, motivational systems concerning ingestive behaviors, and those concerned with affect. The eventual smoothing of hand-to-mouth actions and the ultimate ability to substitute one motor pattern for another (reflecting the initial position of the limb, its relationship with the body, and the characteristics of the grasped object) in the service of bringing an object to the mouth is of interest to students of mo...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensorimotor and motivational determinants of hand-mouth coordination in 1-3-day-old human infants.

Blass

Fillion²,

Rochat³

et al. 1989

Developmental Psychology

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“…Several reports from the early 1980s indicated that when rats were allowed to self-select the macronutrient composition of their diets, injections of morphine, a preferential m-opioid receptor agonist, caused an increase in fat intake and a decrease in carbohydrate intake 1 and the opioid antagonist, naloxone, preferentially decreased fat intake. 2 These studies supported a role for opioids in controlling the intake of specific macronutrients.…”

Section: Opioids and Macronutrient Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Reward systems and food intake: role of opioids

2009

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Humans eat for many reasons, including the rewarding qualities of foods. A host of neurotransmitters have been shown to influence eating behavior and some of these appear to be involved in reward-induced eating. Endogenous opioid peptides and their receptors were first reported more than 30 years ago, and studies suggesting a role of opioids in the regulation of food intake date back nearly as far. Opioid agonists and antagonists have corresponding stimulatory and inhibitory effects on feeding. In addition to studies aimed at identifying the relevant receptor subtypes and sites of action within the brain, there has been a continuing interest in the role of opioids on diet/taste preferences, food reward, and the overlap of food reward with others types of reward. Data exist that suggest a role for opioids in the control of appetite for specific macronutrients, but there is also evidence for their role in the stimulation of intake based on already-existing diet or taste preferences and in controlling intake motivated by hedonics rather than by energy needs. Finally, various types of studies indicate an overlap between mechanisms mediating drug reward and palatable food reward. Preference or consumption of sweet substances often parallels the selfadministration of several drugs of abuse, and under certain conditions, the termination of intermittent access to sweet substances produces symptoms that resemble those observed during opiate withdrawal. The overconsumption of readily available and highly palatable foods likely contributes to the growing rates of obesity worldwide. An understanding of the role of opioids in mediating food reward and promoting the overconsumption of palatable foods may provide insights into new approaches for preventing obesity. Keywords: opioid; palatability; reward; sweet; feeding It is generally recognized that energy intake and expenditure are regulated by a complex network of neurochemical systems. Studies indicating a role for opioids in the regulation of intake date back more than 30 years. The results of numerous studies have provided information about the receptor subtypes involved, the sites of action within the brain, the specific conditions under which opioids influence food intake, and the interaction of opioid systems with other systems that regulate energy balance. Space does not permit a discussion of all aspects of opioids in relation to food intake. Here we will concentrate on three areas of our ongoing research on opioids, with an emphasis on work from our laboratories: the issue of whether opioids stimulate intake of specific macronutrients or of preferred foods, the issue of whether they are primarily involved in the homeostatic or the hedonic aspects of feeding, and whether palatable food, partially through opioid mechanisms, may produce a condition that resembles drug addiction. Opioids and macronutrient intakeSeveral reports from the early 1980s indicated that when rats were allowed to self-select the macronutrient composition of their diets, injections of morphine, ...

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“…In the early 1980s investigators made the observation that after the injection of a non-selective opioid agonist (i.e. morphine) animals increased their fat intake while suppressing carbohydrate intake and exhibiting little modification in protein intake (Marks-Kaufman 1982, Marks-Kaufman andKanarek 1980). Later studies by suggested that endogenous opioids within the ventral striatum participate in the mechanisms governing preferences for highly palatable foods, especially those rich in fat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%