Increased fecundity associated with infection by a
            <i>Cytophaga</i>
            –like intracellular bacterium in the predatory mite,
            <i>Metaseiulus occidentalis</i>

Weeks, Andrew R.; Stouthamer, Richard

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0137

Cited by 72 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Wasps that had only Cardinium survived 40% longer, which in turn resulted in 50% more male offspring production than cured wasps. Other studies have found fecundity benefits associated with Cardinium in mites (Weeks and Stouthamer, 2004), but this is the first instance in which adult survivorship has been shown to be positively associated with Cardinium infection. The mechanism by which adult longevity is increased is not clear, but it is possible that increased survivorship in Cardinium-infected wasps may be directly attributable to decreased egg load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Theory suggests that maternally inherited endosymbionts can promote their spread and persistence in host populations by enhancing the production of daughters relative to uninfected individuals in the population (Caspari and Watson, 1959;Turelli, 1994;Werren, 1997). This can be accomplished by providing a net fitness benefit to infected individuals, increasing their survival and/or fecundity, and thereby increasing female offspring production (Weeks and Stouthamer, 2004). Other symbionts are only beneficial under some conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endosymbiont costs and benefits in a parasitoid infected with both Wolbachia and Cardinium

et al. 2010

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Theory suggests that maternally inherited endosymbionts can promote their spread and persistence in host populations by enhancing the production of daughters by infected hosts, either by improving overall host fitness, or through reproductive manipulation. In the doubly infected parasitoid wasp Encarsia inaron, Wolbachia manipulates host reproduction through cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), but Cardinium does not. We investigated the fitness costs and/or benefits of infection by each bacterium in differentially cured E. inaron as a potential explanation for persistence of Cardinium in this population. We introgressed lines infected with Wolbachia, Cardinium or both with the cured line to create a similar genetic background, and evaluated several parasitoid fitness parameters. We found that symbiont infection resulted in both fitness costs and benefits for E. inaron. The cost was lower initial egg load for all infected wasps. The benefit was increased survivorship, which in turn increased male production for wasps infected with only Cardinium. Female production was unaffected by symbiont infection; we therefore have not yet identified a causal fitness effect that can explain the persistence of Cardinium in the population. Interestingly, the Cardinium survivorship benefit was not evident when Wolbachia was also present in the host, and the reproduction of doubly infected individuals did not differ significantly from uninfected wasps. Therefore, the results of our study show that even when multiple infections seem to have no effect on a host, there may be a complex interaction of costs and benefits among symbionts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endosymbiont costs and benefits in a parasitoid infected with both Wolbachia and Cardinium

et al. 2010

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“…In a few other arthorpods and in all nematodes, Wolbachia is obligatory, and thus required for host fertility (Bandi et al, 2001;Pannebakker et al, 2007). Cardinium is known to increase fecundity in Metaseiulus occidentalis (Weeks and Stouthamer, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of, and interactions between, Cardinium and Wolbachia in the doubly infected spider mite Bryobia sarothamni

Ros

Breeuwer

2009

Heredity

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Many arthropods are infected with vertically transmitted, intracellular bacteria manipulating their host's reproduction. Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is commonly observed and is expressed as a reduction in the number of offspring in crosses between infected males and uninfected females (or females infected with a different bacterial strain). CI is often related to the presence of Wolbachia, but recent findings indicate that a second reproductive parasite, Cardinium, is also capable of inducing CI. Although both Wolbachia and Cardinium occur in arthropods and may infect the same host species, little is known about their interactions. We observed Wolbachia and Cardinium in the sexual spider mite Bryobia sarothamni (Acari: Tetranychidae) and investigated the effects of both bacteria on reproduction. We performed all possible crossing combinations using naturally infected strains, and show that Cardinium induces strong CI, expressed as an almost complete female mortality. B. sarothamni is the third host species in which Cardiniuminduced CI is observed, and this study reveals the strongest CI effect found so far. Wolbachia, however, did not induce CI. Even so, CI was not induced by doubly infected males, and neither singly Wolbachia-infected nor doubly infected females could rescue CI induced by Cardinium-infected males. Possibly, this is related to the differences between Cardinium strains infecting singly and doubly infected individuals. We found a cost of infection in single infected individuals, but not in doubly infected individuals. We show that infection frequencies in field populations ranged from completely uninfected to a polymorphic state. In none of the populations infections were fixed.

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“…Cardinium could be involved in oogenesis as well as in embryogenesis and larval development. For instance, Cardinium infection is associated with an increase of fecundity in a mite host (Weeks and Stouthamer, 2004). In other examples, the reproductive manipulator Wolbachia is necessary for oogenesis in a parasitic wasp (Dedeine et al, 2001) and for normal development of eggs in the vine weevil (Son et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like Wolbachia, in the a-Proteobacteria, Cardinium may cause manipulation of host reproduction in ways that increase its frequency within a host population, including feminization (genotypic males develop as functional phenotypic females) (Weeks et al, 2001), cytoplasmic incompatibility (Hunter et al, 2003;Gotoh et al, 2007) and thelytokous parthenogenesis (females produce only daughters from unfertilized eggs) (Zchori-Fein et al, 2001, 2004Provencher et al, 2005;Groot and Breeuwer, 2006;Matalon et al, 2007). Cardinium also increases the fecundity of a mite host (Weeks and Stouthamer, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feminization and the collapse of haplodiploidy in an asexual parasitoid wasp harboring the bacterial symbiont Cardinium

Giorgini¹,

Monti²,

Caprio

et al. 2009

Heredity

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Cardinium is a bacterial symbiont infecting many species of arthropods, and is associated with manipulation of host reproduction. Cardinium is the causal agent of asexual reproduction, or thelytoky, in the chalcidoid parasitoid wasp Encarsia hispida. Feeding antibiotics to the infected adult females results in uninfected male offspring. Here, we show that these males are diploid. Diploid males are extremely unusual in the large hymenopteran superfamily Chalcidoidea, and, to our knowledge, have never before been associated with symbiont infection in this group. These findings indicate that at least in E. hispida, diploidy restoration is a necessary condition but not sufficient to elicit female development. Cardinium is required to feminize diploid male embryos and thus must interact with elements of the host sex determination system. In addition, our data suggest that Cardinium is necessary for the fertility of E. hispida; antibiotic curing of Cardinium reduces offspring production of adult females.

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Increased fecundity associated with infection by a Cytophaga –like intracellular bacterium in the predatory mite, Metaseiulus occidentalis

Cited by 72 publications

References 13 publications

Endosymbiont costs and benefits in a parasitoid infected with both Wolbachia and Cardinium

Endosymbiont costs and benefits in a parasitoid infected with both Wolbachia and Cardinium

The effects of, and interactions between, Cardinium and Wolbachia in the doubly infected spider mite Bryobia sarothamni

Feminization and the collapse of haplodiploidy in an asexual parasitoid wasp harboring the bacterial symbiont Cardinium

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