Increased frequency of Th17 cells in the peripheral blood of children infected with enterovirus 71

Chen, Jian Guo; Jia, Tong; Liu, Haibing; Liu, Yingzhao; Su, Zhaoliang; Wang, Shengjun; Shi, Yan; Zheng, Dong; Sandoghchian, Siamak; Geng, Jianzhong; Xu, Huaxi

doi:10.1002/jmv.23254

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Based on these findings, the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells may stimulated by HFMD, while the Th17/Treg imbalance may play a decisive function in HFMD progression. These findings are consistent with a previous study by Chen et al, which identified that Th17 cells increased significantly in children with HFMD, suggesting that Th17-mediated immune response plays a crucial role in the progression of HFMD (24). Notably, the percentage of Th17 cells was higher in the severe group compared with the mild group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Coxsackievirus A16 infection stimulates imbalances of T cells in children

Luo

Peng

Chen

2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Immune reaction plays a crucial role in the regulation of the progression of Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16)-infected hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). However, no details of T-cell subset frequency or imbalance during the CA16 infection process have been revealed. In the present study, whether CA16-induced HFMD changes the frequency of different T-cell subsets and associated immune mediators was determined in children. The results indicate that the percentages of Th1 and Tc1 cells were significantly increased in children with HFMD compared with those in healthy children. In addition, the Th1/Th2 ratio and interferon (IFN)-γ levels were significant higher in children with HFMD. Furthermore, the percentage of Th17 cells and the Th17/Treg ratio as well as interleukin (IL)-17A levels were higher in HFMD cases. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the dysregulation of T-cell subsets following CA16 infection. The Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios were imbalanced following infection. Also, the imbalance Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios contributed to the increased levels of IFN-γ and IL-17A. Based on this information, the present study provides new insights for the future study of CA16-induced HFMD and offers new data of diagnostic and therapeutic value for CA16 infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Coxsackievirus A16 infection stimulates imbalances of T cells in children

Luo

Peng

Chen

2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…In this study, we found that EV71 VLPs could not induce IL-23 production in human DCs and could not stimulate Th17 cell production in T cell cultures of MLR. Although we detected no IL-23 or IL-17 production, Chen et al recently demonstrated that the frequencies of Th17 cells and the number of neutrophils in peripheral blood samples from children infected with EV71 were significantly higher compared to controls [32]. In addition, higher levels of IL-17 and IL-23 were found in sera, but lower IFN-γ production was observed during EV71 infections.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Enterovirus-71 Virus-Like Particles Induce the Activation and Maturation of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells through TLR4 Signaling

Lin

Chen

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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Enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes seasonal epidemics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and has a high mortality rate among young children. We recently demonstrated potent induction of the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in monkeys immunized with EV71 virus-like particles (VLPs), with a morphology resembling that of infectious EV71 virions but not containing a viral genome, which could potentially be safe as a vaccine for EV71. To elucidate the mechanisms through which EV71 VLPs induce cell-mediated immunity, we studied the immunomodulatory effects of EV71 VLPs on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), which bind to and incorporate EV71 VLPs. DC treatment with EV71 VLPs enhanced the expression of CD80, CD86, CD83, CD40, CD54, and HLA-DR on the cell surface; increased the production of interleukin (IL)-12 p40, IL-12 p70, and IL-10 by DCs; and suppressed the capacity of DCs for endocytosis. Treatment with EV71 VLPs also enhanced the ability of DCs to stimulate naïve T cells and induced secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ by T cells and Th1 cell responses. Neutralization with antibodies against Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 suppressed the capacity of EV71 VLPs to induce the production of IL-12 p40, IL-12 p70, and IL-10 by DCs and inhibited EV71 VLPs binding to DCs. Our study findings clarified the important role for TLR4 signaling in DCs in response to EV71 VLPs and showed that EV71 VLPs induced inhibitor of kappaB alpha (IκBα) degradation and nuclear factor of kappaB (NF-κB) activation.

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“…Studies suggested that the enhanced expression of IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ and TNF-α is associated with life-threatening complications in severe HFMD cases [22]–[24], [26], [27]. A recent study has shown that IL-17 is involved in the pathological process of EV71 infection [28]. In our study participants, there was no difference between cases and controls during the stages of disease.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Serum Inflammatory Cytokine Levels Correlate with Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Severity: A Nested Serial Case-Control Study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundHand-food-mouth disease (HFMD) cases can be fatal. These cases develop rapidly, and it is important to predict the severity of HFMD from mild to fatal and to identify risk factors for mild HFMD. The objective of this study was to correlate the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines with HFMD severity.MethodsThis study was designed as a nested serial case-control study. The data collected included general information, clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory findings and serum cytokine levels.ResultsThe levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in patients with severe HFMD were significantly higher than in mild patients during the 2nd to 5th day after disease onset. The levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ increased from the 2nd day to the 4th day and later decreased. The levels of TNF-α were high on the first two days and subsequently decreased. The changes of IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the controls were similar for all cases. The levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-17 in the controls were not significantly different with the progression of HFMD.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels correlate with HFMD severity.

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Increased frequency of Th17 cells in the peripheral blood of children infected with enterovirus 71

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

Coxsackievirus A16 infection stimulates imbalances of T cells in children

Coxsackievirus A16 infection stimulates imbalances of T cells in children

Enterovirus-71 Virus-Like Particles Induce the Activation and Maturation of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells through TLR4 Signaling

Serum Inflammatory Cytokine Levels Correlate with Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Severity: A Nested Serial Case-Control Study

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