Increased Fructose Concentrations in Blood and Urine in Patients With Diabetes

Kawasaki, Terukazu; Akanuma, Hiroshi; Yamanouchi, Toshikazu

doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2.353

Cited by 219 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

175

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[28] Fructose blood concentrations in diabetic patients and healthy human subjects are 12.0±3.8 μmol L −1 and 8.1±1.0 μmol L −1 , respectively. [29] The blood fructose concentration corresponds to 0.096% expansion over 2 h in hydrogel fibers. Another interferent, L-lactate through its α-hydroxy acids competitively binds to 3-APBA.…”

Section: Hydrogel Optical Fiber Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose‐Sensitive Hydrogel Optical Fibers Functionalized with Phenylboronic Acid

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Optical fibers are widely used in biomedical applications for sensing, imaging, and therapies. Unlike existing solid-state optical fibers, soft polymer and hydrogel fibers offer physical and chemical properties well suited for functionalization with biomolecules and long-term implantation in the body. Here, hydrogel optical fibers are fabricated with glucose-sensitive moieties and the swelling-induced sensing is demonstrated. The core of the fiber is made of poly(acrylamide-co-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) (p(AM-co-PEGDA)) hydrogel functionalized with phenylboronic acid. The complexation of the phenylboronic acid and cis diols of glucose molecules lowers the apparent pKa of the hydrogel network and increases the concentration of the boronate anions that enhances the Donnan osmotic pressure to swell and change the physical size of the hydrogel optical fiber. This mechanism is reversible through ester group dynamic covalent binding of the phenylboronic acid with glucose molecules. Dynamic changes in the effective RI of the hydrogel optical fiber are measured through light propagation loss. The sensor sensitivity to glucose concentration is 1.2 mmol L−1 over a physiological range of 1–12 mmol L−1. The biocompatible hydrogel optical fibers may be subcutaneously implanted for continuous monitoring of interstitial glucose concentrations.

show abstract

Section: Hydrogel Optical Fiber Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose‐Sensitive Hydrogel Optical Fibers Functionalized with Phenylboronic Acid

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These investigators found that improving glycemic control resulted in normalization of the serum fructose concentrations and a marked decrease in the urine excretion of fructose (13).…”

Section: Impact Of the 8-week Protocol On Glycemic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kawasaki et al (13) demonstrated that blood fructose concentrations were elevated 50% and urine content was more than threefold increased in patients with diabetes. These investigators found that improving glycemic control resulted in normalization of the serum fructose concentrations and a marked decrease in the urine excretion of fructose (13).…”

Section: Impact Of the 8-week Protocol On Glycemic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Overexpression of GLUT5 in Diabetic Muscle Is Reversed by Pioglitazone

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE -This study was undertaken to quantify the expression of muscle GLUT in type 2 diabetes and to determine if treatment with an insulin-enhancing thiazolidenedione drug, pioglitazone, would alter its expression.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Twelve patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to treatment with either pioglitazone or placebo in a double-blinded 8-week protocol. Protein and mRNA for GLUT4 and GLUT5 were quantified in muscle homogenates from biopsies of vastus lateralis before and after treatment. The five additional GLUT family isoforms expressed in muscle had mRNA quantified in these samples.RESULTS -Baseline and posttreatment repeat measurements of GLUT4 protein were not different from control measurements. Compared with normal subjects, GLUT5 protein increased 2.5-fold, and GLUT5 mRNA was 82% higher in the pretreatment samples from the diabetic subjects. Concentrations of mRNA for the six other GLUTs (GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4, GLUT8, GLUT11, and GLUT12) were not different from control subjects before or after treatment. The proportion of type I (red) fibers (46%) in diabetic muscle was not affected by pioglitazone treatment. Pioglitazone treatment decreased muscle GLUT5 mRNA and protein by 52 and 40%, respectively, whereas placebo did not alter GLUT5 expression. Both red and white fibers had higher GLUT5 expression in the baseline diabetic muscle samples, and a pioglitazonerelated decrease in GLUT5 protein also occurred in both.CONCLUSIONS -GLUT5 was dramatically increased in diabetic muscle, and pioglitazone treatment reversed this overexpression. The role of this fructose transporter expression in the insulin-enhancing effect of pioglitazone in muscle is unclear. Diabetes Care 30:925-931, 2007T hiazolidenedione drugs facilitate insulin action in patients with type 2 diabetes manifested by improved glycemic control and a decrease in endogenous insulin secretion (1,2). Drugs from this class robustly bind to the nuclear factor peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor-␥ and activate multiple gene cassettes (1,3). There are differences in some of the genes activated by members of this class (troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone), but changes in many genes are similar for these three drugs (1,4,5). The specific genes whose activation or suppression are responsible for enhanced insulin action are unclear. The study we describe here was designed to determine if pioglitazone-induced enhanced insulin action on glucose uptake could be associated with an increase in expression of one or more GLUTs in skeletal muscle. We have previously shown (6) that seven members of the GLUT family of hexose transporters are expressed in human skeletal muscle, with mRNAs for GLUT4, GLUT5, and GLUT12 predominating. Among these facilitative hexose transporters, GLUT5 is unique in that it transports only fructose (7). High dietary fructose (but not glucose) content has been shown to directly increase intestinal expression of Glut5 in a rat model (8). The current study demonstrated that mRNA concentratio...

show abstract

“…Kidney 8-OHdG levels in diabetic rats have been reported to be increased and reduced by insulin treatment [15], implying the involvement of hyperglycemia in the formation of 8-OHdG. Under diabetic conditions, blood glucose levels increase 2 times (10 mM) or more compared to the control level (approximately 5 mM), and an excess of glucose in the blood was partially converted into fructose by an activated polyol pathway, leading to increased levels of the latter sugar [16][17][18]. On the other hand, under diabetic situations, increases in cellular store sites of iron or copper, or increased release of them from the store sites have been reported in several studies [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine Formation in DNA by Fructose and Glucose in the Presence of Copper

Fujimoto

Miyashita

Sakuma

2006

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary The effects of glucose and fructose in the presence or absence of iron or copper on the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in calf-thymus DNA were examined. Glucose (5 and 10 mM) and fructose (10-200 µM) increased 8-OHdG formation 1.9-2.8 times and 3.0-8.3 times compared to the control, respectively. In the presence of fructose (200 µM), copper (50 µM) was found to increase 8-OHdG formation 46.2 times compared to the control, and 3.8 times compared to the iron (50 µM)-treated value. The stimulatory potency of 8-OHdG formation by fructose (200 µM) in the presence of copper (50 µM) was much stronger than that by glucose (10 mM) in the presence of iron (50 µM) or of copper (50 µM). Sorbitol, 3-deoxyglucosone and methylglyoxal in the presence or absence of copper had no or weaker stimulating effects on 8-OHdG formation than fructose in the presence or absence of copper. These results suggest that fructose in the presence of copper has the potential to dramatically induce oxidative DNA damage.

show abstract

Increased Fructose Concentrations in Blood and Urine in Patients With Diabetes

Cited by 219 publications

References 21 publications

Glucose‐Sensitive Hydrogel Optical Fibers Functionalized with Phenylboronic Acid

Glucose‐Sensitive Hydrogel Optical Fibers Functionalized with Phenylboronic Acid

Overexpression of GLUT5 in Diabetic Muscle Is Reversed by Pioglitazone

Induction of 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine Formation in DNA by Fructose and Glucose in the Presence of Copper

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About