Increased human intestinal barrier permeability plasma biomarkers zonulin and FABP2 correlated with plasma LPS and altered gut microbiome in anxiety or depression

Imbalance of gut microbiome and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with high blood pressure

“…First, although plasma zonulin is strongly correlated with SBP, it cannot be used solely to predict HBP as other diseases such as celiac disease or mental disorders are associated with increased zonulin [69,70]. Rather, it may be used as a marker to understand the importance of gut pathology/inflammation to etiology of HTN in an individual.…”

Adjunctive probiotic microorganisms to prevent rehospitalization in patients with acute mania: A randomized controlled trial

“…These studies might include the direct measurement of the microbial composition of the intestinal tract and inflammation within the central nervous system, measurements that were not performed in our study so as not to impede study enrollment or compliance. Alterations in systemic inflammation and the composition of the microbiome are also components of other mood disorders such as bipolar depression and major depression . The possible role of adjunctive probiotics in the management of these and other psychiatric disorders should also be the subject of future studies.…”

Commentary: Microbial panaceas: does development have the answer? – reflections on Cowan, Dinan, & Cryan (2020)

“…The concept of the microbiota acting as an expected environmental stimulus proves very powerful when considering the multitude of emotional and brain health outcomes that have been associated with changes in the microbiota – from Parkinson’s disease to anxiety and mood disorders (Hill‐Burns et al, ; Stevens et al, ). Even if we accept that there is indeed a causal relationship between the microbiota and brain, it remains challenging to understand how alterations in the microbiota could be associated with such wide‐ranging outcomes.…”