Increased Incidence ofStaphylococcus aureusBacteremia in Hospitalized Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of bacterial infections in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We studied 53 male patients who had 57 episodes of S. aureus bacteremia (SAB). The incidence of SAB per 1000 hospitalized patients was 13.2 among HIV-positive male patients and 0.8 among HIV-negative male patients, yielding a 16.5-fold increase in the odds ratio for SAB among HIV-positive male patients. Almost all episodes of SAB were community acquired. Long-term indwelling catheters were the most common predisposing factor. Prior antibiotic use was more frequently associated with SAB in HIV-positive patients than in HIV-negative patients. A trend was seen among HIV-positive patients toward more numerous infections with beta-lactam antibiotic-resistant (i.e., methicillin-resistant) S. aureus, but such patients had similar outcomes, even though they often did not receive vancomycin during the initial 48 hours of treatment. A better understanding of the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of SAB in HIV-positive patients will offer important opportunities for prevention of this frequent complication.

Profile of Staphylococcus Aureus Associated With HIV Patients in University Of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), Maiduguri, Borno State

“…aureus is the most frequent cause of both community and hospital-acquired bacteremia in HIVpositive patients (Pedro-Botet et al, 2002., Stroud et al, 1997) and MRSA can explain 32%-67% of cases of S. aureus bacteremia among HIV patient population as previously reported ( Tumbarello et al, 2002., Senthilkumar et al, 2001., Uche and Forrest, 2006).…”

Major but differential decline in the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in HIV‐infected individuals from 1995 to 2007: a nationwide cohort study*

“…Senthilkumar et al [4] investigated 84 cases of SAB, of which seven were recurrent episodes. The study, which included men diagnosed with SAB from 1994 to 1997, reported an IRR of 16.5 for HIV-associated SAB.…”

“…Individuals infected with HIV are at increased risk of opportunistic and common bacterial infections, and S. aureus ranks as one of the most common causes of bacterial infection [2][3][4][5]. Risk factors for invasive S. aureus infection include nasal colonization [6][7][8], advanced HIV disease [2,3,9], prior hospitalization, neutropenia, skin lesions, injecting drug use (IDU) and the presence of intravascular devices [3,4,[10][11][12].…”

“…Risk factors for invasive S. aureus infection include nasal colonization [6][7][8], advanced HIV disease [2,3,9], prior hospitalization, neutropenia, skin lesions, injecting drug use (IDU) and the presence of intravascular devices [3,4,[10][11][12]. Further, HIV infection is associated with a higher risk of repetitive SAB [13].…”

Predictors of Mortality in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

“…AIDS secondary to HIV is one of the most common cell-mediated acquired immune deficiency states worldwide (159). The incidence of SAB among HIV-infected individuals remains higher than that among individuals not infected with HIV (25,124,138,159,260,295). This risk is directly associated with the degree of immune deficiency, with the relative risk being 31 times higher (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 31.1; 95% CI, 10.3 to 94.0) for patients with CD4 cell counts of Ͻ100 cells/l than for patients with CD4 cell counts of Ն350 cells/l (159).…”