Increased incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST80, novel ST125 and SCCmecIV in the south-eastern part of Norway during a 12-year period

Fossum, Aina; Bukholm, Geir

doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01467.x

Cited by 61 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This clone emerged in Spain during 1996, although it was first reported in 2001, and has now become predominant in Spanish hospitals (46,47,56). At a lower frequency, it was also found in Norway (13). As in the present study, a strong correlation between ST125 and spa type t067 was observed in both countries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Clonal Complexes and Diversity of Exotoxin Gene Profiles in Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Patients in a Spanish Hospital

et al. 2009

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Molecular epidemiology studies have allowed the identification of the methicillin (meticillin)-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) clonal complexes (CCs) and clones of, and CC59 were also detected. Many exotoxin genes were present in each of the 81 isolates, independent of whether they were involved in sepsis (11 to 22) or other types of infections (13 to 21), and they appeared in 73 combinations. The relevant data are that (i) all isolates were positive for hemolysin and leukotoxin genes (98.8% for lukED and 25.9% for lukPV); (ii) all contained an enterotoxin gene cluster (egc with or without seu), frequently with one or more genes encoding classical enterotoxins; (iii) about half were positive for tst and 95% were positive for exfoliatin-encoding genes (eta, etb, and/or etd); and (iv) the four agr groups were detected, with agrII (55.6%) and agrIII (23.5%) being the most frequent. Taken together, results of the present study suggest a frequent acquisition and/or loss of exotoxin genes, which may be mediated by efficient intralineage transfer of mobile genetic elements and exotoxin genes therein and by eventual breakage of interlineage barriers.Staphylococcus aureus is both a commensal bacterium and an extremely versatile pathogen that causes a wide range of diseases in humans, including superficial, deep-seated, and systemic infections, as well as a variety of toxemic syndromes, such as toxic shock syndrome (TSS), staphylococcal scaldedskin syndrome (SSSS), and staphylococcal food poisoning (36). S. aureus produces a wide range of virulence factors that mediate host colonization, invasion of damaged skin and mucosa, dissemination through the body, and evasion of host defense mechanisms (8,12). Relevant among them are a variety of exotoxins that comprise ␣-, ␤-, ␥-, and ␦-hemolysins, leukotoxins (the classical LukS-PV-LukF-PV Panton-Valentine leukocidin [LukPV], LukE-LukD [LukED] and LukM-LukFЈ-PV [LukM]), exfoliative toxins, and pyrogenic toxin superantigens, such as the staphylococcal TSS toxin (TSST-1, first referred to as SEF) and staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) (14,29,43). Five major serological types of SEs, SEA through SEE (known as classical enterotoxins, encoded by the sea to see genes, respectively) have been initially identified. However, new types of SEs and their coding genes (seg through seu) were later reported. Several SE genes (seg, sei, sem, sen, and seo) are part of an operon termed the enterotoxin gene cluster (egc

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Clonal Complexes and Diversity of Exotoxin Gene Profiles in Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Patients in a Spanish Hospital

et al. 2009

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“…Moreover, in the present study (conducted with strains collected in 2006), we identified the same predominant clones as well as two new clones, E19 (ST8) and E20 (ST125), with the latter clone being closely related to the predominant E7 and E8 clones. These genotypes belong to ST125, which continues to be responsible for more than half of the nosocomial MRSA infections in Spain (59.3%), although it is unusual in the rest of Europe (23,42). Our results validate the use of PFGE for long-term nationwide epidemiological studies, although we consider that this technique presents difficulties in interlaboratory reliability.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Spain: Molecular Epidemiology and Utility of Different Typing Methods

et al. 2009

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In a point-prevalence study performed in 145 Spanish hospitals in 2006, we collected 463 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in a single day. Of these, 135 (29.2%) were methicillin (meticillin)-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. Susceptibility testing was performed by a microdilution method, and mecA was detected by PCR. The isolates were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after SmaI digestion, staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing, agr typing, spa typing with BURP (based-upon-repeatpattern) analysis, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The 135 MRSA isolates showed resistance to ciprofloxacin (93.3%), tobramycin (72.6%), gentamicin (20.0%), erythromycin (66.7%), and clindamycin (39.3%). Among the isolates resistant to erythromycin, 27.4% showed the M phenotype. All of the isolates were susceptible to glycopeptides. Twelve resistance patterns were found, of which four accounted for 65% of the isolates. PFGE revealed 36 different patterns, with 13 major clones (including 2 predominant clones with various antibiotypes that accounted for 52.5% of the MRSA isolates) and 23 sporadic profiles. Two genotypes were observed for the first time in Spain. SCCmec type IV accounted for 6.7% of the isolates (70.1% were type IVa, 23.9% were type IVc, 0.9% were type IVd, and 5.1% were type IVh), and SCCmec type I and SCCmec type II accounted for 7.4% and 5.2% of the isolates, respectively. One isolate was nontypeable. Only one of the isolates produced the Panton-Valentine leukocidin. The isolates presented agr type 2 (82.2%), type 1 (14.8%), and type 3 (3.0%). spa typing revealed 32 different types, the predominant ones being t067 (48.9%) and t002 (14.8%), as well as clonal complex 067 (78%) by BURP analysis. The MRSA clone of sequence type 125 and SCCmec type IV was the most prevalent throughout Spain. In our experience, PFGE, spa typing, SCCmec typing, and MLST presented good correlations for the majority of the MRSA strains; we suggest the use of spa typing and PFGE typing for epidemiological surveillance, since this combination is useful for both long-term and short-term studies.

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“…spa typing was performed as described previously (1). Assignment of spa type and Based Upon Repeat Pattern (BURP) analysis for assignment of spa clonal complexes (CCs) were performed using Ridom StaphType v.2.0.3 (http://www.ridom.de).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genotyping of 353 Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Isolates Collected between 2004 and 2009 at a Norwegian University Hospital and Potential Associations with Clinical Parameters

2012

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We analyzed 353 Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream isolates from 2004 to 2009 to identify dominant genotypes, changes over time, and associations between genotype, phenotype, and clinical parameters. The isolates were genotyped with regard to spa type and presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-encoding genes. A high level of genetic diversity was detected. All but three isolates were methicillin sensitive. Interestingly, spa clonal complex 021 showed a weak association with higher all-cause hospital mortality.

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Increased incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST80, novel ST125 and SCCmecIV in the south-eastern part of Norway during a 12-year period

Cited by 61 publications

References 31 publications

Clonal Complexes and Diversity of Exotoxin Gene Profiles in Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Patients in a Spanish Hospital

Clonal Complexes and Diversity of Exotoxin Gene Profiles in Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Patients in a Spanish Hospital

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Spain: Molecular Epidemiology and Utility of Different Typing Methods

Genotyping of 353 Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Isolates Collected between 2004 and 2009 at a Norwegian University Hospital and Potential Associations with Clinical Parameters

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