Increased incidence of type 1 diabetes in 2 years of COVID-19 pandemic

Giorda, Carlo; Gnavi, Roberto; Tartaglino, Barbara; Roberta, Manti; Migliardi, Alessandro; Favella, Lucia; Ferro, Silvia; Rabbone, Ivana

doi:10.1007/s00592-022-01986-w

Cited by 8 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…After the abstract review, we retrieved 81 full-text articles to determine eligibility. Forty-two records met the full inclusion criteria . The manual search of the included studies’ reference lists did not yield additional studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty-four studies (57.1%) reported DKA incidence at diagnosis . Incident cases of type 1 and type 2 diabetes were reported in 36 studies (85.7%) and 9 studies (21.4%), respectively. Two studies (4.8%) did not distinguish between diabetes types .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty-four studies (57.1%) reported DKA incidence at diagnosis. 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 14, 18, 19, 22, 25, 27-31, 34, 35, 37, 38, 40, 42, 48, 49 Incident cases of type 1 and type 2 diabetes were reported in 36 studies (85.7%) 12,23,24,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][58][59][60][61]63 and 9 studies (21.4%), 3,33,34,39,43,45,46,55,62 respectively. Two studies (4.8%) did not distinguish between diabetes types.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,57 Thirty-two studies (76.2%) included children only, 3, 12, 13, 23, 24, 27-32, 35-42, 44, 48-53, 56-58, 60, 61, 63 while the rest (10 [23.8%]) included both children and adults. 33,34,43,[45][46][47]54,55,59,62 Twenty-one studies (50.0%) were from Europe, 12, 23, 30-32, 35, 41, 42, 44, 47-53, 56, 58, 59, 61, 63 12 (28.6%) from North America, 3,13,33,34,38,39,43,45,46,54,57,62 7 (16.7%) from Asia, [27][28][29]36,37,40,60 and 1 (2.4%) from Australia 55 ; 1 study (2.4%) 24 included data from multiple countries across different continents. Nine studies (21.4%) reported either the race or ethnicity of the study population, 3,34,39,43,[45][46][47]54,62 Approximately 95% of all diabetes cases were T1D in this population.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of Diabetes in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic

D’Souza,

Empringham,

Pechlivanoglou

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceThere are reports of increasing incidence of pediatric diabetes since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the limitations of individual studies that examine this association, it is important to synthesize estimates of changes in incidence rates.ObjectiveTo compare the incidence rates of pediatric diabetes during and before the COVID-19 pandemic.Data SourcesIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, electronic databases, including Medline, Embase, the Cochrane database, Scopus, and Web of Science, and the gray literature were searched between January 1, 2020, and March 28, 2023, using subject headings and text word terms related to COVID-19, diabetes, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).Study SelectionStudies were independently assessed by 2 reviewers and included if they reported differences in incident diabetes cases during vs before the pandemic in youths younger than 19 years, had a minimum observation period of 12 months during and 12 months before the pandemic, and were published in English.Data Extraction and SynthesisFrom records that underwent full-text review, 2 reviewers independently abstracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guideline was followed. Eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis and analyzed with a common and random-effects analysis. Studies not included in the meta-analysis were summarized descriptively.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was change in the incidence rate of pediatric diabetes during vs before the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary outcome was change in the incidence rate of DKA among youths with new-onset diabetes during the pandemic.ResultsForty-two studies including 102 984 incident diabetes cases were included in the systematic review. The meta-analysis of type 1 diabetes incidence rates included 17 studies of 38 149 youths and showed a higher incidence rate during the first year of the pandemic compared with the prepandemic period (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08-1.21). There was an increased incidence of diabetes during months 13 to 24 of the pandemic compared with the prepandemic period (IRR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.18-1.37). Ten studies (23.8%) reported incident type 2 diabetes cases in both periods. These studies did not report incidence rates, so results were not pooled. Fifteen studies (35.7%) reported DKA incidence and found a higher rate during the pandemic compared with before the pandemic (IRR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.17-1.36).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that incidence rates of type 1 diabetes and DKA at diabetes onset in children and adolescents were higher after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic than before the pandemic. Increased resources and support may be needed for the growing number of children and adolescents with diabetes. Future studies are needed to assess whether this trend persists and may help elucidate possible underlying mechanisms to explain temporal changes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Incidence of Diabetes in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic

D’Souza,

Empringham,

Pechlivanoglou

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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show abstract

“…An elderly generation, changing food trends, and a faster pace of living have increased the prevalence of DM. A recent epidemiological survey showed that type 1 diabetes increased during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 3 ].Diabetes causes acute and chronic problems and impairs cognitive function [ 4 ]. 1.5–2.0 times more likely to suffer cognitive impairment, or dementia than individuals without diabetes [ 2 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Anti-Diabetic Cognitive Dysfunction Effect of Erigeron Breviscapus (Vaniot) Hand-Mazz

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2022

Pharmaceuticals

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Diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is the decline in memory, learning, and executive function caused by diabetes. Although its pathogenesis is unclear, molecular biologists have proposed various hypotheses, including insulin resistance, amyloid β hypothesis, tau protein hyperphosphorylation hypothesis, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. DCD patients have no particular treatment options and current pharmacological regimens are suboptimal. In recent years, Chinese medicine research has shown that herbs with multi-component, multi-pathway and multi-target synergistic activities can prevent and treat DCD. Yunnan is home to the medicinal herb Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz. (EBHM). Studies have shown that EBHM and its active components have a wide range of pharmacological effects and applications in cognitive disorders. EBHM’s anti-DCD properties have been seldom reviewed. Through a literature study, we were able to evaluate the likely pathophysiology of DCD, prescribe anti-DCD medication and better grasp EBHM’s therapeutic potential. EBHM’s pharmacological mechanism and active components for DCD treatment were also summarized.

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Diabetes and infection: review of the epidemiology, mechanisms and principles of treatment

Holt,

Cockram,

et al. 2024

Diabetologia

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An association between diabetes and infection has been recognised for many years, with infection being an important cause of death and morbidity in people with diabetes. The COVID-19 pandemic has re-kindled an interest in the complex relationship between diabetes and infection. Some infections occur almost exclusively in people with diabetes, often with high mortality rates without early diagnosis and treatment. However, more commonly, diabetes is a complicating factor in many infections. A reciprocal relationship occurs whereby certain infections and their treatments may also increase the risk of diabetes. People with diabetes have a 1.5- to 4-fold increased risk of infection. The risks are the most pronounced for kidney infection, osteomyelitis and foot infection, but are also increased for pneumonia, influenza, tuberculosis, skin infection and general sepsis. Outcomes from infection are worse in people with diabetes, with the most notable example being a twofold higher rate of death from COVID-19. Hyperglycaemia has deleterious effects on the immune response. Vascular insufficiency and neuropathy, together with altered skin, mucosal and gut microbial colonisation, contribute to the increased risk of infection. Vaccination is important in people with diabetes although the efficacy of certain immunisations may be compromised, particularly in the presence of hyperglycaemia. The principles of treatment largely follow those of the general population with certain notable exceptions. Graphical Abstract

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Increased incidence of type 1 diabetes in 2 years of COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Incidence of Diabetes in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Incidence of Diabetes in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Advances in Anti-Diabetic Cognitive Dysfunction Effect of Erigeron Breviscapus (Vaniot) Hand-Mazz

Diabetes and infection: review of the epidemiology, mechanisms and principles of treatment

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