Increased Lead Levels in Pregnancy Among Immigrant Women

Alba, Amanda Meliá de; Carleton, Lindsay; Dinkel, Laura; Ruppe, Rebekah

doi:10.1111/j.1542-2011.2012.00166.x

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Perinatal complications associated with elevated lead levels are spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, low birth weight, mild to moderate anemia, gestation hypertension, fetal growth impairment, and poor neurological development. Although no lead level is considered safe, the CDC recommends follow‐up for levels 5 mcg/dL or greater . If the level is determined to be higher than 5 mcg/dL, chelation therapy may be indicated.…”

Section: Case 3: Desires Pregnancy Unknown Vaccine Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preconception Care: Improving the Health of Women and Families

Nypaver¹,

Arbour²,

Niederegger³

2016

J Midwife Womens Health

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Approximately 50% of the pregnancies in the United States are unintended. Most pregnancies are not diagnosed until after the period of organogenesis. Environmental exposures, chronic and acute illnesses, and ingestion of teratogens that can negatively affect the fetus may occur during these early weeks of pregnancy. Some chronic disease effects and lifestyle behaviors that affect the fetus can be adjusted prior to conception. Because of this, the health of a woman and her partner prior to pregnancy are of utmost importance. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Preconception Health and Health Care Initiative have established goals and evidence-based guidelines for preconception care. Preconception health care can be threaded into every visit with all women of reproductive age who are not pregnant. The guidelines focus on 3 main areas: screening, health promotion, and interventions. Screening is accomplished with women and couples via a thorough history and assessment of risks including a reproductive life plan; assessment of tobacco, alcohol and drug use; sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing and education; and assessment of environmental or teratogenic risk factors. Health promotion includes making sure the woman is current with regard to recommended vaccines, taking appropriate levels of folic acid, and maintaining a healthy weight and level of physical activity. The health care provider can intervene when indicated with management of chronic and acute illnesses, as well as provide assistance with tobacco, alcohol, and drug cessation as necessary. When a woman and her partner are healthy prior to pregnancy, unintended or planned, the woman and her fetus have a better chance at a healthy gestation and beyond. This article, via the use of case presentations, reviews how preconception health can be integrated into an office visit.

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Section: Case 3: Desires Pregnancy Unknown Vaccine Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…'s case. Asian folk treatment for gastrointestinal ailments with substances that contain lead has been documented . Another potential source of lead exposure is leaded gasoline, which is still being used in parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.…”

Section: Case 3: Desires Pregnancy Unknown Vaccine Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preconception Care: Improving the Health of Women and Families

Nypaver¹,

Arbour²,

Niederegger³

2016

J Midwife Womens Health

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“…But most researchers suggest that there are inherent dangers in the practice and it should be discouraged. 8,28 Blood lead levels greater than or equal to 5 Kg/dL increase the risk of the developing fetus who is particularly vulnerable as well as identify infants at risk for ongoing postnatal exposure. 4 The first author (R.W.C.)…”

Section: Should Pica Be Discouraged?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pica and Weight Gain in Pregnancy

Corbett

Kolasa

2014

Nutrition Today

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“…International studies have reported the occurrence of elevated exposures to metals among women of racial/ethnic minorities in developed countries [3,9,27,28]. In particular, the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) stratifies by ethnicity in several categories: Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Mexican American, Hispanic and Other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional factors which may contribute to elevated toxic metal body burden concentrations among newcomers include coming from a country where environmental regulations may be less stringent and public health policies that are protective of human health less common [27]. The continued consumption of traditional diets and use of imported products, combined with a greater likelihood of living in impoverished conditions in their new home countries, may also contribute to elevated exposures post-migration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Concentrations in Newcomer Women and Environmental Exposures: A Scoping Review

Chen

Wiseman

Chakravartty

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Newcomer women from developing countries are recognized to be at risk for elevated exposures to environmental contaminants and associated negative health effects. As such, data on exposure sources and contaminant body burden concentrations is critical in the development of effective public health policies and interventions in support of newcomer health. We conducted a scoping review to gather evidence on important toxic metals of health concern, lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd), and their concentrations and potential exposure sources among newcomer women. An initial 420 articles were identified through the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus, many reporting by ethnicity rather than newcomer/immigrant status. Several articles reported metal concentrations for other biomarkers but did not include blood, nor stratify results. From the remainder, we selected a total of 10 articles for full textual review, which reported blood Pb, Hg or Cd levels for newcomer women and/or stratified blood metal results according to foreign birth or country of origin. Three of the articles reported higher Pb, Hg and Cd concentrations in newcomer women compared to their native-borne counterparts. Exposures identified as contributing to elevated Pb, Hg and Cd blood concentrations included: pica behaviour, the use of lead-glazed cookware or eye cosmetics, and fish/shellfish consumption. The review revealed a limited availability of data on metal body burden concentrations, exposure sources and routes among newcomer women specifically. More research is needed to better understand the extent to which newcomer women are disproportionately at risk of elevated metal exposures due to either country of origin or current exposures and to inform relevant, multi-national risk management strategies.

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Increased Lead Levels in Pregnancy Among Immigrant Women

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Preconception Care: Improving the Health of Women and Families

Preconception Care: Improving the Health of Women and Families

Pica and Weight Gain in Pregnancy

Metal Concentrations in Newcomer Women and Environmental Exposures: A Scoping Review

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