Increased Level of Long Non-Coding RNA MALAT1 Is a Common Feature of Amoeboid Invasion

Abstract

The ability of cancer cells to adopt various migration modes (the plasticity of cancer cell invasiveness) is a substantive obstacle in the treatment of metastasis, yet still an incompletely understood process. We performed a comparison of publicly available transcriptomic datasets from various cell types undergoing a switch between the mesenchymal and amoeboid migration modes. Strikingly, lncRNA MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) was one of three genes that were found upregulated in all amoeboid cells analyzed. Accordingly, downregulation of MALAT1 in predominantly amoeboid cell lines A375m2 and A2058 resulted in decrease of active RhoA (Ras homolog family member A) and was accompanied by the amoeboid-mesenchymal transition in A375m2 cells. Moreover, MALAT1 downregulation in amoeboid cells led to increased cell proliferation. Our work is the first to address the role of MALAT1 in MAT/AMT (mesenchymal to amoeboid transition/amoeboid to mesenchymal transition) and suggests that increased MALAT1 expression is a common feature of amoeboid cells.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Unravels Heterogeneity of the Stromal Niche in Cutaneous Melanoma Heterogeneous Spheroids

“…These genes are important for nuclear organisation because of their role in stabilisation of nuclear bodies and splicing of pre-mRNA. They stimulate migration of both types, i.e., cutaneous and uveal melanoma [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ]. Their role in chemoresistance of cancer cells to therapeutics is discussed [ 70 ].…”

Application of two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis to identify protein changes between center, margin, and adjacent non-tumor tissues obtained from non-small-cell lung cancer with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma subtype

“…Rho GTPases are small GTPases involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, cell migration, and stem cell differentiation [ 87 ]. Consequently, their activity is strongly linked to cancer invasion, including that in lung cancer [ 88 ]; their main mechanisms of action are thought to be the formation of dynamic actin-rich protrusions and their role in the turnover of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix adhesions [ 89 , 90 ].…”

Sustained Inflammatory Signalling through Stat1/Stat2/IRF9 Is Associated with Amoeboid Phenotype of Melanoma Cells

“…Gels from two wells per sample were transferred to tubes containing 2× lysis buffer and homogenized using Tissue Tearor (BioSpec Products, Bartlesville, OK, USA). The lysates were processed as described previously [68]. Briefly, lysates were centrifuged, supernatant transferred to new tubes and protein concentration was determined using the DCTM Protein Assay (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, California, CA, USA) and adjusted to the same protein concentration with 1× SDS lysis buffer.…”

“…Samples were then homogenized using Tissue Tearor (BioSpec Products). RNA was isolated using the modified Trizol method, as described previously [68] and used further for reverse transcription. All RT-qPCR experiments were performed according to MIQE guidelines [69].…”