Increased lysine: metabolizable energy ratio improves grower pig performance during a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus challenge

Schweer, Wesley P; Mendoza, Omarh; Shull, Caleb M; Lehman, James Daniel; Gaines, A. M.; Schwartz, Kent; Gabler, Nicholas K.

doi:10.1093/tas/txy108

Cited by 5 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is well established that Lys is the first-limiting AA in healthy pigs, and to ensure that the targeted amount of Lys is being consumed by the pig, diets are formulated on a ratio of Lys to energy (i.e., g SID Lys:ME). Previous breakpoint analysis from our group ( Schweer et al, 2018a ) has reported that during both an experimental and natural PRRSV challenge, increasing SID Lys:ME 10% to 20% above NRC (2012) requirements resulted in improved growth performance and feed efficiency. This increase in Lys:ME is presumably accounting for the reduced feed and Lys intake ( Schweer et al, 2017 ), thus preserving lean tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The differences in severity of this negative impact on growth performance is thought to be a result of pig age, viral strain, and PRRS viral clearance rates ( Murtaugh et al, 2002 ). In recent years, Rochell et al (2015) and Schweer et al, (2018a) have reported that dietary treatment can aid in improving growth performance and feed efficiency of pigs experiencing PRRSV challenge. In particular, Schweer et al (2018a) reported that increasing the dietary SID Lys:ME by 10% to 20% above NRC (2012) requirement in 25 to 50 kg pigs increased growth performance and feed efficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three diets ( Table 1 ) were formulated to contain 2.69, 3.23, and 3.22 g SID Lys:ME, representing 100%, 120%, and 120% of requirements for 35 to 75 kg BW pigs. This SID Lys:ME requirement was based on breakpoint analysis from the Schweer et al, (2018a) projections for 35 to 75 kg BW pigs, adjusted for NRC (2012) and Maschhoffs’ verified internal nutrient requirements. The three diets were meal form and formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) nutrient and energy requirements and contained similar total calcium, available phosphorus, and ratios of SID Thr, Trp, Met, Ile, and Val to SID Lys to avoid secondary AA deficiencies ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This ensures that a constant AA intake is achieved by the pig independent of the dietary energy level fed and related adjustment to feed intake, which is key to support optimal feed intake and growth. However, stimulation of the immune system due to a pathogen challenge can result in reduced voluntary feed intake and as a result lower energy and AA intake ( Johnson, 2002 ; Doeschl-Wilson et al, 2009 ) that causes growth rate reductions ( Greiner et al, 2001 ; Rochell et al, 2015 ; Schweer et al, 2018a ). Furthermore, it has been suggested that under unrestricted feed conditions, healthy pigs will attempt to consume the amount of feed required to satisfy their requirement for energy and nutrients ( Schiavon et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further examine the impact of soybean meal, we have also studied how the relationship of Lys to energy impacts health-challenged pig performance. Using break point analysis, our group has reported that increasing SID Lys:ME to 110% to 120% above the NRC (2012) requirement resulted in improved growth performance and feed efficiency in grower pigs subjected to a PRRSV challenge, while unchallenged pigs did not benefit from a higher plane of AA ( Schweer et al, 2018a ). The increased Lys:ME ratio was achieved primarily by intact protein sources, while synthetic AA levels remained relatively constant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing the ratio of SID lysine to metabolizable energy improves pig performance during a viral challenge

Jasper

Mendoza²,

Shull³

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Science

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) compromises pig performance. However, increasing standardized ileal digestible Lys per Mcal metabolizable energy (SID Lys:ME) above requirement has been shown to mitigate reduced performance seen during a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus challenge. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing the dietary SID Lys:ME from 100% National Research Council (NRC) requirement to 120% of the requirement in vaccinated (vac+; modified live vaccine Ingelvac PRRS) and non-vaccinated (vac−; no PRRS vaccine) grower pigs subjected to a PRRSV challenge. In addition, the dietary formulation approach to achieve the 120% ratio by increasing Lys relative to energy (HL) or diluting energy in relation to Lys (LE) was evaluated. This allowed us to test the hypothesis that pigs undergoing a health challenge would have the ability to eat to their energy needs. Within vaccine status, 195 mixed-sex pigs, vac+ (35.2 ± 0.60 kg body weight [BW]) and vac− (35.2 ± 0.65 kg BW) were randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments (2.67, 3.23, or 3.22 g SID Lys:ME) for a 42-d PRRS virus challenge study representing 100%, 120%, and 120% of NRC requirement, respectively. Pigs were randomly allotted across two barns, each containing 24 pens with 7 to 10 pigs per pen (8 pens per diet per vaccine status). On day post-inoculation 0, both barns were inoculated with PRRSV and started on experimental diets. Within vaccine status, weekly and overall challenge period pig performance were assessed. In both vac+ (P < 0.05) and vac− (P < 0.05) pigs, the HL and LE diets increased end BW and overall average daily gain (ADG) ADG compared with pigs fed the control diet (P < 0.05). Overall, average daily feed intake (ADFI) during the challenge period was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the LE diet compared with pigs fed control and HL treatments, regardless of vaccine status (20% and 17% higher ADFI than the control in vac+ and vac− pigs, respectively). The HL vac+ pigs had the greatest gain to feed (G:F) compared with the control and LE pigs (0.438 vs. 0.394 and 0.391 kg/kg, respectively; P < 0.01). Feed efficiency was not impacted (P > 0.10) by treatment in the vac− pigs. In summary, PRRSV-challenged grower pigs consumed feed to meet their energy needs as indicated by the increase in ADFI when energy was diluted in the (LE) diet, compared with control pigs. In both PRRS vac+ and vac− pigs subsequently challenged with PRRSV, regardless of formulation approach, fed 120% SID Lys:ME diets resulted in enhanced overall growth performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing the ratio of SID lysine to metabolizable energy improves pig performance during a viral challenge

Jasper

Mendoza²,

Shull³

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Science

Self Cite

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Factors affecting performance response of pigs exposed to different challenge models: a multivariate approach

Rodrigues

Ferreira²,

Costa

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Science

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Factors associated with the severity with which different challenge models (CMs) compromise growth performance in pigs were investigated using hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC) analysis. One hundred seventy-eight studies reporting growth performance variables (average daily gain [ADG], average daily feed intake [ADFI], gain:feed [GF], and final body weight [FBW]) of a Control (Ct) vs. a Challenged (Ch) group of pigs using different CMs (enteric [ENT], environmental [ENV], lipopolysaccharide [LPS], respiratory [RES], or sanitary condition [SAN] challenges) were included. Studies were grouped by similarity in performance in three clusters (C1, C2, and C3) by HCPC. The effects of CM, cluster, and sex (males [M], females [F], mixed [Mi]) were investigated. Linear (LRP) and quadratic (QRP) response plateau models were fitted to assess the interrelationships between the change in ADG (∆ADG) and ADFI (∆ADFI) and the duration of challenge. All variables increased from C1 through C3, except for GF, which decreased (P < 0.05). LPS was more detrimental to ADG than ENV, RES, and SAN models (P < 0.05). Furthermore, LPS also lowered GF more than all the other CMs (P < 0.05). The ∆ADG independent of ∆ADFI was significant in LPS and SAN (P < 0.05), showed a trend toward the significance in ENT and RES (P < 0.10), and was not significant in ENV (P > 0.10), while the ∆ADG dependent on ∆ADFI was significant in ENT, ENV, and LPS only (P < 0.05). The critical value of ∆ADFI influencing the ∆ADG was significant in pigs belonging to C1 (P < 0.05) but not C2 or C3 (P > 0.10). The ∆ADG independent of duration post-Ch (irreparable portion of growth) was significant in C1 and C2 pigs, whereas the ∆ADFI independent of duration post-Ch (irreparable portion of feed intake) was significant in C1 pigs only (P < 0.05). Moreover, the time for recovery of ADG and ADFI after Ch was significant in pigs belonging to C1 and C2 (P < 0.05). Control F showed reduced ADG compared with Ct-M, and Ch-F showed reduced ADFI compared with Ch-M (P < 0.05). Moreover, the irreparable portion of ΔADG was 4.8 higher in F (−187.7; P < 0.05) compared with M (−39.1; P < 0.05). There are significant differences in growth performance response to CM based on cluster and sex. Furthermore, bacterial lipopolysaccharide appears to be an appropriate noninfectious model for immune stimulation and growth impairment in pigs.

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Temporary reduction of digestible lysine in nursery pig diets: performance and economic analysis

Correia

Saraiva

Teixeira

et al. 2022

Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim.

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To evaluate the effects of temporary dietary lysine restriction on nursery pigs’ growth performance and its economic viability compared to control diets, 144 piglets (21-d-old) were assigned to randomized blocks, with two treatments and twelve replicates. The treatments were control-lys: lysine level as recommended from 21-32 and 32-42 days and low-lys: 90% of the lysine level of the control-lys diets. From 42 to 62 days, all animals received a control diet. From 21 to 32 days, pigs fed low-lys had worse average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion, and 32-d body weight (BW; P ≤ 0.05). From 32 to 42 days, pigs fed low-lys had lower average daily feed intake, ADG, and 42-d BW (P ≤ 0.05). From 42 to 62 days, pigs had similar performance (P > 0.05). Overall (21 to 62 days), pigs fed the low-lys had lower (P <0.05) ADG and final BW. At 27 and 29 days, pigs fed the low-lys diet had a higher (P≤0.05) incidence of diarrhea. The lowest feed cost and the highest economic efficiency index were recorded for the low-lys treatment. However, pigs fed the control-lys presented a 3.9% higher profitability. In conclusion, a temporary reduction of lysine in the diets of nursery pigs followed by an unrestricted diet in the subsequent period led to worse growth performance and lower economic viability.

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Increased lysine: metabolizable energy ratio improves grower pig performance during a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus challenge

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Increasing the ratio of SID lysine to metabolizable energy improves pig performance during a viral challenge

Increasing the ratio of SID lysine to metabolizable energy improves pig performance during a viral challenge

Factors affecting performance response of pigs exposed to different challenge models: a multivariate approach

Temporary reduction of digestible lysine in nursery pig diets: performance and economic analysis

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