Increased membrane surface positive charge and altered membrane fluidity leads to cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance in Enterococcus faecalis

Kumariya, Rashmi; Sood, S. K.; Rajput, Y. S.; Saini, Neha; Garsa, Anita Kumari

doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.03.007

Cited by 90 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Remodeling of bacterial surfaces is a hallmark mechanism of resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides (cAMPs). The remodeling can occur in various parts of the envelope, from the capsule (51) to lipid A remodeling (5), LPS decoration (52), fatty acid composition changes (53), and PG modifications (54,55). Two-component regulatory systems like PhoP/PhoQ and PmrA/PmrB respond to cAMPs in the environment, triggering the expression of genes involved in cell surface remodeling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli on Cellular Function and Bacterial Stress Adaptation

Rowlett¹,

et al. 2017

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Bacteria have evolved multiple strategies to sense and rapidly adapt to challenging and ever-changing environmental conditions. The ability to alter membrane lipid composition, a key component of the cellular envelope, is crucial for bacterial survival and adaptation in response to environmental stress. However, the precise roles played by membrane phospholipids in bacterial physiology and stress adaptation are not fully elucidated. The goal of this study was to define the role of membrane phospholipids in adaptation to stress and maintenance of bacterial cell fitness. By using genetically modified strains in which the membrane phospholipid composition can be systematically manipulated, we show that alterations in major Escherichia coli phospholipids transform these cells globally. We found that alterations in phospholipids impair the cellular envelope structure and function, the ability to form biofilms, and bacterial fitness and cause phospholipid-dependent susceptibility to environmental stresses. This study provides an unprecedented view of the structural, signaling, and metabolic pathways in which bacterial phospholipids participate, allowing the design of new approaches in the investigation of lipiddependent processes involved in bacterial physiology and adaptation.IMPORTANCE In order to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, bacteria have to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of systematic and controlled alterations in bacterial phospholipids on cell shape, physiology, and stress adaptation. We provide new evidence that alterations of specific phospholipids in Escherichia coli have detrimental effects on cellular shape, envelope integrity, and cell physiology that impair biofilm formation, cellular envelope remodeling, and adaptability to environmental stresses. These findings hold promise for future antibacterial therapies that target bacterial lipid biosynthesis.KEYWORDS membranes, metabolism, phospholipids, physiology, stress adaptation, stress response B acteria have to cope with and adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions, such as nutrient limitation or exposure to antibiotics. Therefore, the ability to sense and quickly respond to fluctuating conditions is key for bacterial survival (1-3). Bacterial stress adaptation often requires major metabolic reprogramming that involves coordinated changes in the cell transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, along with cellular envelope remodeling (4, 5). Escherichia coli cells consist of four compartments: the cytoplasm, the inner membrane, the periplasm, and the outer membrane. The inner and outer membranes exhibit different makeups. The inner membrane is a bilayer containing ␣-helical proteins, and more than 95% of the total lipids are phospholipids; the outer membrane is an asymmetric bilayer made of both phospholipids and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli on Cellular Function and Bacterial Stress Adaptation

Rowlett¹,

et al. 2017

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“…The effects of aa-PG on antibiotic resistance have been investigated in several important human pathogens such as S. aureus (for review see [4]), L. monocytogenes , 53 B. anthracis , 58 P. aeruginosa , 24,59 M. tuberculosis , 29,60 Enterococcus species, 35,36,61 and B. subtilis 62,63 (for review see [1]). aa-PGs in these organisms primarily enhance bacterial resistance to positively charged compounds targeting the membrane (such as CAMPs) and last resort lipopetides like daptomycin.…”

Section: Increased Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Linked To Lipimentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the tRNA-dependent lipid aminoacylation systems in bacteria: Novel components and structural advances

Fields

Roy

2017

RNA Biology

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ABSTRACTtRNA-dependent addition of amino acids to lipids on the outer surface of the bacterial membrane results in decreased effectiveness of antimicrobials such as cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) that target the membrane, and increased virulence of several pathogenic species. After a brief introduction to CAMPs and the various bacterial resistance mechanisms used to counteract these compounds, this review focuses on recent advances in tRNA-dependent pathways for lipid modification in bacteria. Phenotypes associated with amino acid lipid modifications and regulation of their expression will also be discussed.

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“…As PagP is involved in the homeostasis of membrane hydrophobicity, it is certainly imaginable that the protein may also repair AMP-damaged membranes, which would constitute another AMP resistance mechanism [134]. In general, higher membrane rigidity can be achieved by an increase of saturated acyl chains in the membrane, which has been reported to confer elevated resistance to pediocin and nisin in E. faecalis and L. monocytogenes, respectively [135,136]. In S. aureus, enhanced membrane rigidity can be achieved by increased incorporation of the carotenoid staphyloxanthin, which stabilizes acyl chains in the membrane [137].…”

Section: Alteration Of the Cytoplasmic Membrane Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial strategies of resistance to antimicrobial peptides

Joo

Otto

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

284

238

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One contribution of 13 to a theme issue 'Evolutionary ecology of arthropod antimicrobial peptides'. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a key component of the host's innate immune system, targeting invasive and colonizing bacteria. For successful survival and colonization of the host, bacteria have a series of mechanisms to interfere with AMP activity, and AMP resistance is intimately connected with the virulence potential of bacterial pathogens. In particular, because AMPs are considered as potential novel antimicrobial drugs, it is vital to understand bacterial AMP resistance mechanisms. This review gives a comparative overview of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strategies of resistance to various AMPs, such as repulsion or sequestration by bacterial surface structures, alteration of membrane charge or fluidity, degradation and removal by efflux pumps.This article is part of the themed issue 'Evolutionary ecology of arthropod antimicrobial peptides'.

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Increased membrane surface positive charge and altered membrane fluidity leads to cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance in Enterococcus faecalis

Cited by 90 publications

References 30 publications

Impact of Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli on Cellular Function and Bacterial Stress Adaptation

Impact of Membrane Phospholipid Alterations in Escherichia coli on Cellular Function and Bacterial Stress Adaptation

Deciphering the tRNA-dependent lipid aminoacylation systems in bacteria: Novel components and structural advances

Bacterial strategies of resistance to antimicrobial peptides

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