Increased Mortality in Children With Mild Vitamin a Deficiency

Hussaini, G; Tarwotjo, Ignatius; Susanto, Djoko

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)90677-3

Cited by 394 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Children with ocular signs of VAD have been reported to be at greater risk of morbidity than those without (46) . The effect of VAS on morbidity and mortality has been controversial because of the inconsistent results (6,47) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of ocular signs and subclinical vitamin A deficiency and its determinants among rural pre-school children in India

Laxmaiah

Nair

Arlappa

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To assess the magnitude and determinants of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and coverage of vitamin A supplementation (VAS) among pre-school children. Design: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out by adopting a multistage, stratified, random sampling procedure. Setting: Rural areas of eight states in India. Subjects: Pre-school children and their mothers were covered. Results: A total of 71 591 pre-school children were clinically examined for ocular signs of VAD. Serum retinol concentrations in dried blood spots were assessed in a sub-sample of 3954 children using HPLC. The prevalence of Bitot spots was 0?8 %. The total ocular signs were significantly higher (P , 0?001) among boys (2?6 %) compared with girls (1?9 %) and in older children (3-4 years) compared (P , 0?001) with younger (1-2 years), and were also high in children of labourers, scheduled castes and illiterate mothers. The odds of having Bitot spots was highest in children of scheduled caste (OR 5 3?8; 95 % CI 2?9, 5?0), labourers (OR 5 2?9; 95 % CI 2?1, 3?9), illiterate mothers (OR 5 2?7; 95 % CI 2?2, 2?3) and households without a sanitary latrine (OR 5 5?9; 95 % CI 4?0, 8?7). Subclinical VAD (serum retinol level ,20 mg/dl) was observed in 62 % of children. This was also relatively high among scheduled caste and scheduled tribe children. The rate of coverage of VAS was 58 %. Conclusions: The study revealed that VAD is a major nutritional problem and coverage of VAS was poor. The important determinants of VAD were illiteracy, low socio-economic status, occupation and poor sanitation. Strengthening the existing VAS programme and focused attention on dietary diversification are essential for prevention of VAD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of ocular signs and subclinical vitamin A deficiency and its determinants among rural pre-school children in India

Laxmaiah

Nair

Arlappa

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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“…It has also been established (Sommer et al, 1983) that VAD increases the risk of childhood morbidity and mortality. Complications of conditions like malnutrition, measles and diarrhea commonly associated with VAD rank amongst the leading causes of morbidity in Nigerian children (Nigerian Demographic Survey, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A deficiency in Nigerian children

Ajaiyeoba¹

2010

African Journal of Biomedical Research

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“…Vitamin A deficiency is clearly associated with increased child morbidity and mortality (Sommer et al 1983(Sommer et al , 1984Milton et al 1987). In Mozambique the limited data available suggest that mild vitamin A deficiency has been common but that severe forms have been extremely rare (Santos 1974;Julien et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of vitamin A in Mozambican children hospitalized with nonmeasles acute lower respiratory tract infections

Julien

Gomes

Varandas

et al. 1999

Tropical Med Int Health

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Summaryobjective The objective of this study was to test the potential of routine vitamin A supplementation at admission to speed up recovery during hospitalization for acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) and to decrease the levels of morbidity at 6 weeks after discharge. The study was conducted in the Central Hospital of Maputo (CHM), Mozambique, from 1995 to 1997.methods Children aged 6-72 months with ALRI admitted to the paediatric wards of the CHM were assigned to a supplementation group (n ϭ 71, receiving 200 000 IU of vitamin A) or a control group (n ϭ 93, receiving a placebo).results The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was very high and similar between the two groups. The median number of inpatient days for the supplementation group was 3, for the placebo group 4 days. On day 5 the rate of clinical discharge was 88.4% (n ϭ 61/69) in the experimental intervention group and 73.9% (n ϭ 65/88) in the placebo group (P ϭ 0.023).conclusion We found a statistically significant reduction in duration of admission among vitamin Asupplemented children with ALRI. This effect is in line with what is known about the role of vitamin A in human defence and immune mechanisms and with the serological evidence of the extent of vitamin A deficiency among the children in this trial.keywords Vitamin A, supplementation, ALRI, RCT, Mocambique correspondence Professor Paulo Ferrinho,

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Increased Mortality in Children With Mild Vitamin a Deficiency

Cited by 394 publications

References 19 publications

Prevalence of ocular signs and subclinical vitamin A deficiency and its determinants among rural pre-school children in India

Prevalence of ocular signs and subclinical vitamin A deficiency and its determinants among rural pre-school children in India

Vitamin A deficiency in Nigerian children

A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of vitamin A in Mozambican children hospitalized with nonmeasles acute lower respiratory tract infections

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