Increased Muscle Tone as a Cause of Muscle Pain

Mense, Siegfried; Masi, Alfonse T.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-85021-2_6

Cited by 20 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…In that longstretch phase, the stiffer fascial filamentous responses prevail (7) , far exceeding those earlier tensions of the elastic actomyosin bridging or the viscoelastic sliding phases respectively (2,3,7,28,32) .…”

Section: Molecular Factors Contributing To Passive Resting Myofascialmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Although quantitative data on HRMT (tentative analog of the experimental SREC) are limited, a review of passive myofascial properties supports low-level tension and elastic reactive responses to minimal perturbations (1)(2)(3)28,(30)(31)(32)(33)46,47) . However, on passive movements greater than 0.2% -0.4% elongations beyond the resting length, the initial (static) elastic phase then transitions into a far lesser viscoelastic tension response (2,3,28,32) .…”

Section: Resting (Static) Myofascial Tone Mainly Helps To Stabilize Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, CNS-stimulated muscle tone results from active contractions (3,13,27,28) , which generate far greater tension and are associated with clearly evident motor unit potentials on EMG (1)(2)(3) . The active muscle tension is needed to exert movements and to generate increased static resistance.…”

Section: Molecular Factors Contributing To Passive Resting Myofascialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, on passive movements greater than 0.2% -0.4% elongations beyond the resting length, the initial (static) elastic phase then transitions into a far lesser viscoelastic tension response (2,3,28,32) . The crossbridges are disengaged in that early movement phase within the physiological range, permitting a sliding ("friction") to occur between the actin and myosin filaments.…”

Section: Resting (Static) Myofascial Tone Mainly Helps To Stabilize Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the assessment and management of altered passive myofascial tonicity has not been well addressed (3) . Importantly, most modern occupational and recreational activities involve static or near-static minimal-effort postures that could be optimally stabilized by proper positioning and passive tone (1,56) .…”

Section: Passive Myofascial Tone Has Not Been Incorporated Into Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical, Biomechanical, and Physiological Translational Interpretations of Human Resting Myofascial Tone or Tension

Masi

Nair²,

Evans³

et al. 2010

IJTMB

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Methods: Biomechanical, clinical, and physiological studies were reviewed to interpret the passive stiffness properties of HRMT that help to stabilize various relaxed functions such as quiet balanced standing. Biomechanical analyses and experimental studies of the lumbar multifidus were reviewed to interpret its passive stiffness properties. The lumbar multifidus was illustrated as the major core stabilizing muscle of the spine, serving an important passive biomechanical role in the body.Results: Research into muscle physiology suggests that passive resting tension (CNS-independent) is generated in sarcomeres by the molecular elasticity of low-level cycling cross-bridges between the actomyosin filaments. In turn, tension is complexly transmitted to intimately enveloping fascial matrix fibrils and other molecular elements in connective tissue, which, collectively, constitute the myofascial unit. Postural myofascial tonus varies with age and sex. Also, individuals in the population are proposed to vary in a polymorphism of postural HRMT. A few people are expected to have outlier degrees of innate postural hypotonicity or hypertonicity. Such biomechanical variations likely predispose to greater risk of related musculoskeletal disorders, a situation that deserves greater attention in clinical practice and research. Axial myofascial hypertonicity was hypothesized to predispose to ankylosing spondylitis. This often-progressive deforming condition of vertebrae and sacroiliac joints is characterized by stiffness features and particular localization of bony lesions at entheseal sites. Such unique features imply concentrations and transmissions of excessive force, leading to tissue micro-injury and maladaptive repair reactions.Conclusions: The HRMT model is now expanded and translated for clinical relevance to therapists. Its passive role in helping to maintain balanced postures is supported by biomechanical principles of myofascial elasticity, tension, stress, stiffness, and tensegrity. Further research is needed to determine the molecular basis of HRMT in sarcomeres, the transmission of tension by the enveloping fascial elements, and the means by which the myofascia helps to maintain efficient passive postural balance in the body. Significant deficiencies or excesses of postural HRMT may predispose to symptomatic or pathologic musculoskeletal disorders whose mechanisms are currently unexplained.

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Section: Molecular Factors Contributing To Passive Resting Myofascialmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resting (Static) Myofascial Tone Mainly Helps To Stabilize Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Factors Contributing To Passive Resting Myofascialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resting (Static) Myofascial Tone Mainly Helps To Stabilize Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Passive Myofascial Tone Has Not Been Incorporated Into Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Clinical, Biomechanical, and Physiological Translational Interpretations of Human Resting Myofascial Tone or Tension

Masi

Nair²,

Evans³

et al. 2010

IJTMB

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Mecanismos y efectos de la punción seca de los puntos gatillo

Dommerholt¹,

Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas²

2013

Punción Seca De Los Puntos Gatillo

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Response to Letter to Editor on Human Resting Muscle Tone (HRMT)

Masi

Hannon²,

Nair

2009

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies

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Increased Muscle Tone as a Cause of Muscle Pain

Cited by 20 publications

References 114 publications

Clinical, Biomechanical, and Physiological Translational Interpretations of Human Resting Myofascial Tone or Tension

Clinical, Biomechanical, and Physiological Translational Interpretations of Human Resting Myofascial Tone or Tension

Mecanismos y efectos de la punción seca de los puntos gatillo

Response to Letter to Editor on Human Resting Muscle Tone (HRMT)

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