Increased neuronal firing in the rat auditory cortex associated with preparatory set

Shinba, Toshikazu; Sumi, Michihisa; Iwanami, Akira; Ozawa, Nobuyuki; Yamamoto, Keiji

doi:10.1016/0361-9230(94)00283-7

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Slow firing changes in auditory cortex observed during the performance of other tasks Similar slow firing changes have been observed in auditory cortex with other behavioral procedures, like classical conditioning (Quirk et al, 1997;Armony et al, 1998;Kitzes et al, 1978) and instrumental conditioning in which animals were warned by an auditory stimulus and had to respond to a visual stimulus (Shinba et al, 1995) or in which animals performed an auditory working memory task (Gottlieb et al, 1989;Sakurai, 1994). Shinba et al (1995) observed slow firing increases in the auditory cortex of rats while they performed a visual detection task. The animals could receive a water reward for pressing a lever during a 2-s light stimulus, which was preceded at 1.4 s by a 10-kHz warning tone of 10 ms duration.…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Arrows indicate events that might be implicated with slow firing changes, i. e., a clear relationship was not found because these events always occurred in conjunction with other events or data are from subcortical parts of the auditory system. (1) Gottlieb et al, 1989; (2) Komura et al, 2001; (3) Komura et al, 2005; (4) Shinba et al, 1995;(5) Quirk et al, 1997;(6) Kitzes et al, 1978;(7) Fig. 3b; (8) Metzger et al, 2006;(9) Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can be distinguished from ongoing slow fluctuations of neuronal activity (Steriade et al, 1993;He, 2003;Filippov et al, 2008;Gao et al, 2009) by being related to or evoked by specific external or internal events. Event-related slow firing changes in auditory cortex (Gottlieb et al, 1989;Quirk et al, 1997;Armony et al, 1998;Shinba et al, 1995;Selezneva et al, 2006) bear similarities with slowly changing activities that have previously been observed in subcortical stages of the auditory system, including inferior colliculus (Metzger et al, 2006) and non-primary thalamic nuclei (Komura et al, 2001(Komura et al, , 2005. Similar event-related slow firing changes (also termed built-up, ramping, or late responses) have been observed in other sensory systems, including early visual cortex (Rowland et al, 1985;Shuler and Bear, 2006), and in various non-sensory brain structures such as the basal ganglia (e. g., Schultz and Romo, 1992;, midbrain (e. g., Hernandez et al, 2006), prefrontral cortex (Niki andWatanabe, 1979;Morrison and Salzman, 2009) and motor structures (e. g., Mita et al, 2009) where they have been implicated with reinforcement, working memory, and preparatory set.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of associations in auditory cortex by slow changes of tonic firing

2011

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Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of associations in auditory cortex by slow changes of tonic firing

2011

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“…However, although these studies established that patterns can occur selectively during particular phases of task performance, no definite behavioral impact or implication of their presence was observed. For instance, set-related activities in the auditory cortex of the rat (23) and motor regions in the monkey (24) have been described in terms of elevated rates of firing after an instruction stimulus, whereas an animal waits before making a movement in response to a later Go stimulus. In the present study, there were neither systematic changes in mean rate nor oscillatory patterns in the spike trains during the waiting period, yet we were able to detect temporally organized activity predictive of subsequent response choice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal activity patterns of rat cortical neurons predict responses in a conditioned task

Villa

Tetko²,

Hyland³

et al. 1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

113

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Precise and repeated spike-train timings within and across neurons define spatiotemporal patterns of activity. Although the existence of these patterns in the brain is well established in several species, there has been no direct evidence of their inf luence on behavioral output. To address this question, up to 15 neurons were recorded simultaneously in the auditory cortex of freely moving rats while animals waited for acoustic cues in a Go͞NoGo task. A total of 235 significant patterns were detected during this interval from an analysis of 13 hr of recording involving over 1 million spikes. Of particular interest were 129 (55%) patterns that were significantly associated with the type of response the animal made later, independent of whether the response was that prompted by the cue because the response occurred later and the cue was chosen randomly. Of these behaviorpredicting patterns, half (59͞129) were associated with an enhanced tendency to go in response to the stimulus, and for 11 patterns of this subset, trials including the pattern were followed by significantly faster reaction time than those lacking the pattern. The remaining behavior-predicting patterns were associated with an enhanced NoGo tendency. Overall mean discharge rates did not vary across trials. Hence, these data demonstrate that particular spatiotemporal patterns predict future behavioral responses. Such presignal activity could form templates for extracting specific sensory information, motor programs prespecifying preference for a particular act, and͞or some intermediate, associative brain process.

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“…Once such contingencies were abandoned the tonic activity disappeared, indicating the importance of appropriately pairing stimuli and reinforcers for learning as well as for selecting and maintaining sensory motor mappings. Comparable increases of neuronal activity were seen in instrumentally conditioned animals that had to execute a motor response after an auditory (Gottlieb et al, 1989; Shinba et al, 1995; Yin et al, 2008) or visual stimulus (Shuler and Bear, 2006). Unfortunately these experiments have not been able to unequivocally disambiguate whether the neuronal activity was related to the reinforcers or to other events, such as sensory stimuli or motor behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Representation of Reward Feedback in Primate Auditory Cortex

Brosch¹,

Selezneva²,

Scheich³

2011

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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It is well established that auditory cortex is plastic on different time scales and that this plasticity is driven by the reinforcement that is used to motivate subjects to learn or to perform an auditory task. Motivated by these findings, we study in detail properties of neuronal firing in auditory cortex that is related to reward feedback. We recorded from the auditory cortex of two monkeys while they were performing an auditory categorization task. Monkeys listened to a sequence of tones and had to signal when the frequency of adjacent tones stepped in downward direction, irrespective of the tone frequency and step size. Correct identifications were rewarded with either a large or a small amount of water. The size of reward depended on the monkeys’ performance in the previous trial: it was large after a correct trial and small after an incorrect trial. The rewards served to maintain task performance. During task performance we found three successive periods of neuronal firing in auditory cortex that reflected (1) the reward expectancy for each trial, (2) the reward-size received, and (3) the mismatch between the expected and delivered reward. These results, together with control experiments suggest that auditory cortex receives reward feedback that could be used to adapt auditory cortex to task requirements. Additionally, the results presented here extend previous observations of non-auditory roles of auditory cortex and shows that auditory cortex is even more cognitively influenced than lately recognized.

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Increased neuronal firing in the rat auditory cortex associated with preparatory set

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Formation of associations in auditory cortex by slow changes of tonic firing

Formation of associations in auditory cortex by slow changes of tonic firing

Spatiotemporal activity patterns of rat cortical neurons predict responses in a conditioned task

Representation of Reward Feedback in Primate Auditory Cortex

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