Increased number and function of endothelial progenitor cells stimulate angiogenesis by resident liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) in cirrhosis through paracrine factors

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells: Physiology and role in liver diseases

“…3) [87,[92][93][94][95]. Besides LSECs, endothelial progenitor cell (EPC), i.e., endothelial cells derived from bone marrow, also contribute to liver angiogenesis, as reviewed elsewhere [96,97]. LSECs also regulate fibrosis by releasing angiocrine signals.…”

Stellate Cells and Hepatic Fibrosis

“…In fact, HSCs may contribute directly to angiogenesis through the stabilization of new vessels [83]. VEGF is a central mediator of both angiogenesis and HSC proliferation [84][85][86][87]. Fascinating functions of vitamin D in hepatic biology and fibrosis are emerging.…”

Mechanisms of adaptation of the hepatic vasculature to the deteriorating conditions of blood circulation in liver cirrhosis

“…During last years it has been found that endothelial progenitor cells produced by stem cells of the bone marrow are capable of causing in situ neovascularization in both physiological and pathological conditions (post natal vasculogenesis). In particular, they may play an important paracrine role in liver angiogenesis by stimulating resident SECs through as factors as PDGF and VEGF in liver cirrhosis [54] . However, their angiogenic ability is significantly reduced in patients in this category, especially with severe hepatic dysfunction.…”