Increased oxidative stress parameters in children with moderate iodine deficiency

Kurku, Hüseyin; Gençer, Ali Görkem; Pirgon, Özgür; Buyukınan, Muammer; Aslan, Nagehan

doi:10.1515/jpem-2016-0077

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Firstly, since patients with thyroid nodular goiter often have concurrent thyroid antibodies, iodine deficiency thus may indirectly increase the TAI prevalence by increasing the prevalence of thyroid nodular goiter and causing damages to thyroid tissues (17,66,67,68,69). In addition, several studies have found that iodine can contribute to redox balance and iodine deficiency increases the degree of oxidative stress which may further promote immune response and increase autoimmune attack (70,71,72). Finally, TSH level is intensively related to iodine status, and iodine deficiency can result in increased TSH level (17,73).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

U-shaped relationship between iodine status and thyroid autoimmunity risk in adults

Wang

et al. 2019

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Background Iodine status has long been regarded as an environmental determinant for thyroid dysfunction, but its relationship with thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) is still controversial. Our study aimed to elucidate the relationship between iodine status and TAI through both a population-based study and a dose–response meta-analysis of eligible epidemiological studies. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study was firstly carried out, which enrolled a total of 2808 Chinese adults. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated through logistic regression analysis. A dose–response meta-analysis of eligible epidemiological studies was also carried out. Results The cross-sectional study showed an U-shaped relationship between iodine intake and TAI in adults. Compared with those with more than adequate iodine status, individuals with iodine deficiency, adequate iodine status and iodine excess all had higher risk of TAI, and the adjusted ORs were 1.50 (95% CI 1.03–2.17, P = 0.032), 1.50 (95% CI 1.09–2.07, P = 0.013) and 1.68 (95% CI 1.11–2.53, P = 0.014), respectively. The dose–response meta-analysis included 22 epidemiological studies with a total of 69,987 participants and further validated the U-shaped relationship between iodine intake and TAI in adults, which proved the significantly increased risk of TAI among individuals with either iodine deficiency or iodine excess. Stratified analysis of studies with low risk of confounding bias also identified similar findings. Conclusion The study suggests an U-shaped relationship between iodine intake and TAI in adults, and both iodine deficiency and iodine excess are risk factors of TAI in adults. The underlying mechanisms need to be elucidated in future studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

U-shaped relationship between iodine status and thyroid autoimmunity risk in adults

Wang

et al. 2019

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Iodine’s role in the growth and development of infants and children was also acknowledged [ 11 ]. Children with biochemical evidence of iodine deficiency experience a higher level of oxidative stress than their healthy peers with iodine sufficiency [ 19 ]. Conversely, iodine in excess is much less harmful as it may only affect a small percentage of sensitive individuals, whereas iodine deficiency can affect an entire cohort or parts of a population with endemic consequences [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Dietary Intake of Iodine and Risk of Iodine Deficiency in Children with Classical Galactosaemia on Dietary Treatment

et al. 2023

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Iodine is an essential mineral required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine plays a critical role in growth and neurocognitive development. Classical galactosaemia is a disorder resulting from an inborn error in galactose metabolism. Its current management consists of life-long lactose and galactose dietary restriction. This study estimated dietary intakes of iodine in infants and children with classical galactosaemia in the Republic of Ireland. The diets of 43 participants (aged 7 months-18 years) with classical galactosaemia were assessed for iodine intake using an iodine-specific food frequency questionnaire. Intakes were compared to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) dietary recommendations for iodine intake. The potential role of iodine fortification of dairy alternative products was also examined. There were no significant differences observed between sex, ethnicity and parental education and meeting dietary iodine recommendations. Differences, however, were seen between age groups, causing the p value to approach statistical significance (p = 0.06). Infants consuming infant formula were likely to meet iodine recommendations. However, over half (53%) of children aged 1–18 years had average intakes below the recommendations for age. For these children, consumption of iodine-fortified dairy alternative milk was the leading source of iodine in the diets, followed by fish/shellfish and eggs. An assessment of iodine intake should be undertaken during dietetic reviews for those with classical galactosaemia. Mandatory iodine fortification of all dairy alternative products would result in 92% of the total population cohort meeting iodine recommendations based on their current consumption.

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“…In diabetic patients supplemented with iodine, the superoxidase level was decreased and antioxidant enzymes such as plasma catalase and glutathione peroxidase were increased, while erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and the malonyl dialdehyde level indicating lipid peroxidation remained unchanged [29]. In a study which reported OS parameters to be higher in pediatric patients with moderate iodine deficiency (20–49 μg/L) than in patients with mild iodine deficiency (50–99 μg/L) or normal levels, TSH and thyroid autoantibodies were not analyzed [30]. In our study there was no difference between the OS parameters of patients with and without iodine deficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Thiol/Disulphide Homeostasis in Children and Adolescents with Non-Autoimmune Subclinical Hypothyroidism

et al. 2018

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Objective: To evaluate the thiol/disulphide homeostasis in children with non-autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism (SHT). Subjects and Methods: Thiol/disulphide homeosta sis, involving native thiol (SH), disulphide (SS), and total thiol (SS + SH), was evaluated in 60 children and adolescents who were negative for thyroid auto-antibodies (anti-thyroid peroxidase, anti-thyroglobulin) and had a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) value of > 5 mIU/L, and in 40 sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects who were negative for thyroid autoantibodies and had normal TSH levels. Lipid profiles and urine iodine levels were also determined. Results: SH (466 ± 32.8 vs. 462 ± 32.1 μmol/L p = 0.59), SH + SS (508 ± 34.0 vs. 506 ± 32.7 μmol/L, p = 0.81), SS (21 ± 5.5 vs. 22 ± 5.8 μmol/L, p = 0.41), SS/SH (4.5 ± 1.2 vs. 4.8 ± 1.3%, p = 0.36), SS/SH + SS (4.1 ± 1.0 vs. 4.3 ± 1.1%, p = 0.36) and SH/SH + SS (91 ± 2.1 vs. 91 ± 2.1%, p = 0.31) levels were similar in children with SHT and control subjects (p > 0.05). There was no difference between total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels in SHT patients and controls. No difference was detected between the patients with or without iodine deficiency in the SHT group in terms of thiol/disulphide homeostasis parameters. Conclusion: The status of dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis did not change in children and adolescents with non-autoimmune SHT. Future studies are needed for the evaluation of oxidative stress in patients with long-standing non-autoimmune SHT.

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Increased oxidative stress parameters in children with moderate iodine deficiency

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

U-shaped relationship between iodine status and thyroid autoimmunity risk in adults

U-shaped relationship between iodine status and thyroid autoimmunity risk in adults

Assessment of Dietary Intake of Iodine and Risk of Iodine Deficiency in Children with Classical Galactosaemia on Dietary Treatment

Dynamic Thiol/Disulphide Homeostasis in Children and Adolescents with Non-Autoimmune Subclinical Hypothyroidism

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