Increased postprandial glycaemia, insulinemia, and lipidemia after 10 weeks’ sucrose-rich diet compared to an artificially sweetened diet: a randomised controlled trial

Abstract

BackgroundThe importance of exchanging sucrose for artificial sweeteners on risk factors for developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases is not yet clear.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of a diet high in sucrose versus a diet high in artificial sweeteners on fasting and postprandial metabolic profiles after 10 weeks.DesignHealthy overweight subjects were randomised to consume drinks and foods sweetened with either sucrose (∼2 g/kg body weight) (n = 12) or artificial sweeteners (n = 11) as supplements to their usual diet. Supplements were similar on the two diets and consisted of beverages (∼80 weight%) and solid foods (yoghurts, marmalade, ice cream, stewed fruits). The rest of the diet was free of choice and ad libitum. Before (week 0) and after the intervention (week 10) fasting blood samples were drawn and in week 10, postprandial blood was sampled during an 8-hour meal test (breakfast and lunch).ResultsAfter 10 weeks postprandial glucose, insulin, lactate, triglyceride, leptin, glucagon, and GLP-1 were all significantly higher in the sucrose compared with the sweetener group. After adjusting for differences in body weight changes and fasting values (week 10), postprandial glucose, lactate, insulin, GIP, and GLP-1 were significantly higher and after further adjusting for differences in energy and sucrose intake, postprandial lactate, insulin, GIP, and GLP-1 levels were still significantly higher on the sucrose-rich diet.ConclusionA sucrose-rich diet consumed for 10 weeks resulted in significant elevations of postprandial glycaemia, insulinemia, and lipidemia compared to a diet rich in artificial sweeteners in slightly overweight healthy subjects.

Fructose and Cardiometabolic Health

“…Recently, Stanhope and colleagues showed that c onsuming beverages containing 10%, 17.5%, or 25% of energy requirements from HFCS produced significant linear dose-response increases in postprandial triglycerides, fasting LDL cholesterol and 24-hour mean uric acid concentrations in a 2-week parallel-arm, nonrandomized double blinded intervention study (11). Raben et al found that a sucrose-rich diet consumed for 10 weeks resulted in significant elevations of postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and lipidemia compared to a diet rich in artificial sweeteners in overweight healthy subjects (33). A randomized crossover trial among normal weight healthy men found that after 3 weeks, SSBs consumed in small to moderate quantities (600 mL SSB/day containing 40–80 g of sugar) significantly impaired glucose and lipid metabolism and promoted inflammation (34).…”

Physical Activity Offsets the Negative Effects of a High-Fructose Diet

“…Previous research has identified that a diet high in fructose induces hepatic DNL, causing an increase in plasma TG and VLDL concentrations (1, 29, 33). In addition, although not studied in this particular study, physical inactivity may reduce LPL activity resulting in reduced rates of fatty acid utilization and oxidation in peripheral tissues (35).…”

Les édulcorants intenses : utiles pour lutter contre l’obésité ?

“…Ford et al [28] sécrétion. Chez l'homme en surcharge pondérale mais en bonne santé, Raben et al [30] ont montré qu'une diète enrichie en édulcorants intenses pendant 10 semaines ne modifie pas les paramètres biologiques post prandiaux qu'il s'agisse de la glycémie, de l'insulinémie, de la concentration en leptine ou du GLP1. Ils notent également qu'aucun paramètre lipidique n'est modifié.…”