Increased pyroglutamic acid levels in patients on artificial diets

Oberholzer, V. G.; Wood, C. B.; Palmer, Trevor; Harrison, B.Mary

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(75)90240-5

Cited by 36 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, as there was no difference in the excretion of 5-L-oxoproline between infants who were breast-fed or those taking an infant formula it seems unlikely that the pattern of organisms in the colon could have exerted a substantial effect. Under exceptional circumstances high levels of 5-L-oxoproline in the urine have been associated with a particular formula, attributed to contamination of the formula with 5-D-oxoproline (Oberholzer et al, 1975). In all situations where either a dietary source or the activity of the colonic bacteria have been imputed to explain higher levels of excretion of 5-oxoproline, the increase has been identi®ed as an increase in 5-D-oxoproline, not 5-L-oxoproline as measured in the present study (van der Werf et al, 1975;Oberholzer et al, 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary 5-L-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) excretion is greater in infants in Jamaica than in infants in England

et al. 1997

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Objective: To determine the pattern of excretion in urine of 5-L-oxoproline, as a measure of glycine status, during the ®rst six weeks of life in Jamaican infants. Design: Spot samples of urine were collected from term and preterm infants at birth and longitudinally to four weeks of age, or at six weeks of age. 5-L-oxoproline was isolated by column chromatography and hydrolysed to L-glutamic acid, which was measured enzymatically and the results expressed relative to creatinine excretion. Setting: Maternity wards and postnatal clinic of the University Hospital of the West Indies. Subjects: African-Caribbean infants, 19 term and 21 preterm, from birth to four weeks of age, and 79 term infants at six weeks of age. Results: There were no differences between term and preterm infants. Excretion of 5-L-oxoproline increased progressively from birth, 141 mmol/mmol creatinine, to 270 mmol/mmol creatinine at four weeks of age. At six weeks of age, excretion was signi®cantly greater than at birth or four weeks of age, 525 mmol/mmol creatinine. Compared with infants born in England, the excretion of 5-L-oxoproline was not different at birth, but was signi®cantly greater in Jamaican infants at six weeks of age. Conclusions: Glycine status, indicated by increased excretion of 5-L-oxoproline, is marginal in Jamaican infants at six weeks of age, and this possibly re¯ects a limitation in the endogenous biosynthesis of glycine due to a dietary limitation of folate or vitamin B-12.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary 5-L-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) excretion is greater in infants in Jamaica than in infants in England

et al. 1997

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“…To a varying extent, 5-oxoprolinuria has, for instance, been found associated with: ∑ 5-Oxoprolinase deficiency (described below). ∑ Some infant formulas containing casein, which can be converted to 5-oxoproline upon heating [43]. ∑ Chemical treatment of tomatoes during production of tomato juice, which turns glutamine into 5-oxoproline [44].…”

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione synthetase deficiency

Njålsson

2005

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Glutathione (GSH), one of the most important antioxidants in the eukaryotic organism, is synthesized in a two-step procedure where the last step is catalysed by the enzyme glutathione synthetase (GSS). GSS deficiency is inherited autosomal recessively, and patients with this disease can be divided into three groups, according to their clinical phenotype. Mildly affected patients have mutations affecting the stability of the enzyme, causing a compensated haemolytic anaemia; moderately affected patients have, in addition, metabolic acidosis; and severely affected patients also develop neurological defects and show increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. Moderately and severely affected patients have mutations that compromise the catalytic properties of the enzyme. 5-Oxoprolinuria appears in all three groups, but is more pronounced in the two latter groups. Today, no cure can be offered these patients; they are given vitamins C and E to boost their antioxidant levels, and bicarbonate to correct metabolic acidosis.

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“…10 Pyroglutamic acid is no longer a component of TPN feed, although it can be purchased from health food shops and over the internet as a supplement promoted to improve cognitive function. It is closely related in structure to nootropic drugs such as piracetam and oxiracetam.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%