Increased quality of in natura and cryopreserved semen of water buffaloes supplemented with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from the palm oil industry

Abstract

Ruminant energy supplementation with vegetable oils or fats has been standing out worldwide and oil palm processing has been receiving growing interest. This study assessed the effect of supplementation with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from the palm oil industry on the lipid profile of seminal plasma and of the sperm membrane, as well as on the morphological and functional characteristics of raw and cryopreserved buffalo semen. Twelve purebred Murrah bulls ( Bubalus bubalis ) were assigned to the experimental groups and fed diets for 120 days with no added lipids (CONT, four bulls), or with an extra amount of 3% lipids from crude palm oil (PALM, four bulls), or from palm oil deodorizer distillate (PODD, four bulls). Semen was collected and cryopreserved every 15 days. The lipid composition of membranes and semen quality were determined after collections. Lipid supplementation did not impact feed intake (P>0.05). Diet enrichment with PALM increased the linoleic acid (C18:2,ω6) in seminal plasma. Lipid supplementation did not increase the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the sperm membrane composition, but significantly increased the lignoceric acid (C24:0). Cryopreserved semen of the supplemented bulls presented higher progressive motility (60.2 vs. 67.9 vs. 65.2%; P<0.05) and sperm viability detected by eosin-nigrosin staining (61.1 vs. 69.4 vs. 67.8%; P<0.05). Palm oil reduced major sperm defects in both raw (12.2 vs. 9.3 vs. 13.2%; P<0.0001) and cryopreserved semen (12.4 vs. 9.4 vs. 11.2%; P<0.0001). The lipids added to the diet did not impact the population of spermatozoa with intact plasma and acrosomal membranes (PI-/PSA-), but significantly increased the percentage of spermatozoa with high mitochondrial potential (25.6 vs. 31.5 vs. 32.0%; P=0.008). The results suggest that lipid supplementation based on crude palm oil or palm oil deodorizer distillate can be safely used to feed buffalo bulls and may increase sperm attributes related to male fertility.

Water buffalo production in the Brazilian Amazon Basin: a review

“…By-products derived from the processing of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis. Jacq) (Lourenço Junior et al 1998;Costa et al 2009;Bringel et al 2011;Santos et al 2014;Pinho et al 2016;Nahúm et al 2019;Silva et al 2020), coconut (Cocos nucifera L) (Souza Júnior et al 2011;Santos et al 2017), cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum) (Rodrigues et al 2015), murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) (Menezes et al 2016;Lima et al 2020 in press), babaçu (Attalea speciosa) (Faccini et al 2017), Brazilian nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) (Budel et al 2017), and Açai palm (Euterpe oleracea) (Oliveira et al 2020b) have been converted at a low cost to feedstuffs for buffaloes, bovine, and sheep as well.…”

A Review of the Nutritional Aspects and Composition of the Meat, Liver and Fat of Buffaloes in the Amazon

“…This fact is true for two reasons: lipids ar providers and all fatty acids are equal and without individual benefits [71 pids are very important sources of energy, accounting for more than 40% o energy supply from breast milk. In addition, they act in the transport of fa mins and as hormonal precursors, while carbohydrates act as a primary so and proteins act as builders and are involved in the synthesis and mainte mones and muscles, respectively [72].…”

“…However, lipids are very important sources of energy, accounting for more than 40% of a newborn’s energy supply from breast milk. In addition, they act in the transport of fat-soluble vitamins and as hormonal precursors, while carbohydrates act as a primary source of energy and proteins act as builders and are involved in the synthesis and maintenance of hormones and muscles, respectively [ 72 ].…”

Lipid modification to improve cryotolerance of gametes, embryos and larvae and its potential application in aquaculture species: a review

“…Three main strategies are currently used to modify the lipid compositions to counteract the cryopreservation stress in mammalian sperm. The first is the supplementation of PUFAs in diet, which has enhanced the performance of post-thaw sperm in a few species, such as water buffalo, and goat (Souza et al, 2019;Silva et al, 2020). The second is the in vitro sperm incubation with exogenous lipids to improve sperm cryotolerance in humans, bovine, and swine (He et al, 2001;Röpke et al, 2011;Ferreira et al, 2018).…”