Increased rate of cholic acid formation from 3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholestane in perfused livers from diabetic rats

Kimura, Koji; Ogura, Yoshio; Ogura, Michio

doi:10.1016/0005-2760(88)90298-6

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…3α, 7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholestane is the intermediate bile acid synthesis ( Kimura et al., 1988 ). In the presence of iron ions, hydrophobic bile acids may enhance lipid peroxidation ( Sreejayan and Ritter, 1998 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics reveals the response of hydroprimed maize to mitigate the impact of soil salinization

et al. 2023

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Soil salinization is a major environmental stressor hindering global crop production. Hydropriming has emerged as a promising approach to reduce salt stress and enhance crop yields on salinized land. However, a better mechanisitic understanding is required to improve salt stress tolerance. We used a biochemical and metabolomics approach to study the effect of salt stress of hydroprimed maize to identify the types and variation of differentially accumulated metabolites. Here we show that hydropriming significantly increased catalase (CAT) activity, soluble sugar and proline content, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and peroxide (H2O2) content. Conversely, hydropriming had no significant effect on POD activity, soluble protein and MDA content under salt stress. The Metabolite analysis indicated that salt stress significantly increased the content of 1278 metabolites and decreased the content of 1044 metabolites. Ethisterone (progesterone) was the most important metabolite produced in the roots of unprimed samples in response to salt s tress. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, which relate to scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), was the most significant metabolic pathway related to salt stress. Hydropriming significantly increased the content of 873 metabolites and significantly decreased the content of 1313 metabolites. 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, a methyl donor for methionine, was the most important metabolite produced in the roots of hydroprimed samples in response to salt stress. Plant growth regulator, such as melatonin, gibberellin A8, estrone, abscisic acid and brassinolide involved in both treatment. Our results not only verify the roles of key metabolites in resisting salt stress, but also further evidence that flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and plant growth regulator relate to salt tolerance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics reveals the response of hydroprimed maize to mitigate the impact of soil salinization

et al. 2023

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“…Bile acids inhibit and cholestyramine stimulates sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase activity. The increase of bile acid synthesis, the pool of bile acids and the ratio of cholic acid to CDCA in diabetes mellitus may be due to the stimulation of 12alpha-hydroxylase activity (152). Recent study revealed that sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase activity was increased two-fold in livers of patients treated with cholestyramine or undergone ileal resection (153).…”

Section: Sterol 12alpha-hydroxylasementioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of bile acid synthesis

1998

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Bile acids are important physiological agents required for disposal of cholesterol and absorption of vitamins and fats. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. Enterohepatic circulation of bile acids is very efficient and plays an important physiological role in lipid absorption and secretion, and regulation of bile acid biosynthesis and cholesterol homeostasis. Conversion of cholesterol to bile acids requires 15 different enzymatic steps. Four cytochrome P450 enzymes play important roles in bile acid biosynthesis. The classic bile acid biosynthesis pathway starts with modification of the sterol ring and followed by side chain cleavage reactions to synthesize cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), the primary bile acids in most species. The first and rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway is cholesterol 7alpha -hydroxylase, a microsomal cytochrome P450, CYP7A. Another microsomal cytochrome P450 sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase (CYP12) is required for the synthesis of cholic acid. Mitochondrial cytochrome P450 sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27) catalyzes sterol side chain oxidation to convert C27 sterol to C24 bile acids. An alternative bile acid biosynthesis pathway (acidic) has been known for sometime but only recently has attracted much attention. In this pathway, side chain oxidation precedes modification of the sterol ring. Mitochondrial sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27) catalyzes the first reaction and followed by 7alpha-hydroxylation catalyzed by a microsomal oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7B). Recent advances in purification and cloning of these major enzymes in the pathways have led to better understanding the molecular basis of regulation of bile acid synthesis and physiological role of the alternative pathways.

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“…The excretion of bile acids and cholesterol via bile is the main route for elimination of cholesterol from the body. In diabetes, the bile acid pool is signifi cantly expanded, and the size of the bile acid pool is normalized by insulin therapy, suggesting that insulin might regulate bile acid metabolism [7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Lipid Profile by Amaranth <i>(Amaranthus esculantus)</i> Supplementation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Kim

Shin

2006

Ann Nutr Metab

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Background/Aims: Lipid disorders may exacerbate some complications of diabetes. Amaranth has been reported to exhibit a cholesterol-lowering effect in hyperlipidemic animals. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of amaranth on serum glucose and the lipid profile in diabetic rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to normal control, diabetic control, diabetic amaranth-grain (AG)-supplemented (500 g/kg diet) and diabetic amaranth-oil (AO)-supplemented (90 g/kg diet) groups and fed experimental diets for 3 weeks. Effects were monitored on glucose tolerance, serum and liver lipids, and fecal excretions of lipids and bile acids. Results: Fasting serum glucose levels and the glucose tolerance of diabetic rats were improved by AG and AO supplementation. Serum and liver lipids such as total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were also lowered in diabetic animals by AG and AO consumption. Fecal excretions of cholesterol, TG and bile acid were markedly reduced in diabetic rats, and these parameters were dramatically increased by AG and AO supplementation. Conclusion: AG and AO supplementation improve the glucose and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

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Increased rate of cholic acid formation from 3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholestane in perfused livers from diabetic rats

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Metabolomics reveals the response of hydroprimed maize to mitigate the impact of soil salinization

Metabolomics reveals the response of hydroprimed maize to mitigate the impact of soil salinization

Regulation of bile acid synthesis

Improvement of Lipid Profile by Amaranth <i>(Amaranthus esculantus)</i> Supplementation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

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