Increased Ratio of Trunk to Appendicular Fat and Increased Blood Pressure

Trunk-to-Peripheral Fat Ratio Predicts Subsequent Blood Pressure Levels in Pubertal Children With Relatively Low Body Fat – Three-Year Follow-up Study –

“…26 Another cross-sectional study of Japanese children aged 11 years, which served as the baseline analysis of the present follow-up study, also reported that an excessive proportion of trunk fat is related to high BP levels, and that the relationship between fat distribution and BP was independent of the relationship between fat volume and BP. 22 Consistent with those findings, the present 3-year follow-up study demonstrated that the proportion of trunk fat at age 11 could predict BP levels at age 14, after adjusting for baseline BP.…”

“…22 Of these, 413 children (205 boys, 208 girls) participated in the baseline survey, and 258 children (123 boys, 135 girls) participated in the follow-up survey in December 2013 or December 2014. The 258 children were analyzed in the present study.…”

“…24 Measurements were performed with the subject in a seated position after a 5-mine rest, with the left arm supported at the level of the heart, legs uncrossed, and in a quiet and appropriate environment at room temperature. 22 The mean value of 2 measurements was used for analysis.…”

Abdominal obesity and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents, are we aware of their relevance?

“…Some of these studies showed that this association was stronger in boys than in girls [104][105][106], and the association of AO with systolic hypertension have been seen more frequently than with diastolic hypertension [107,108]. In a recent systematic review by Kelishadi et al, they found only one study showing that total body fat is a stronger predictor of elevated BP than AO in children and adolescents [28,109].…”

Trunk-to-Leg Fat Ratio – An Emerging Early Marker of Childhood Adiposity, and Future Cardiometabolic Risks –

“…13 Although these cross-sectional studies have suggested the importance of fat distribution measures as early markers, no cohort study regarding the relationships among regional adiposity and cardiometabolic risks has been reported in a pediatric population. In this issue of the Journal, Kouda et al 14 extend their previous study with a 3-year follow-up to examine whether childhood fat distribution measured by DEXA predicts blood pressure levels in subsequent years.…”