Increased release of glucuronoxylomannan antigen and induced phenotypic changes in Trichosporon asahii by repeated passage in mice

Karashima, Reiko; Yamakami, Yuriko; Yamagata, Eiji; Tokimatsu, Issei; Hiramatsu, Kazufumi; Nasu, Masaru

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-51-5-423

Cited by 30 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Karashima and collaborators reported that T. asahii isolates could switch phenotype and increase the amount of secreted GXM after passage in a mouse model (91). Three environmental isolates were analyzed before and after consecutive passages through mice and compared with 14 isolates from patients with deep-seated infections or recovered from lung autopsies, blood, urine, sputum, and catheters.…”

Section: Cell Wall Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge of Trichosporon spp. and Trichosporonosis

2011

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SUMMARY Trichosporon spp. are basidiomycetous yeast-like fungi found widely in nature. Clinical isolates are generally related to superficial infections. However, this fungus has been recognized as an opportunistic agent of invasive infections, mostly in cancer patients and those exposed to invasive medical procedures. It is possible that the ability of Trichosporon strains to form biofilms on implanted devices, the presence of glucuronoxylomannan in their cell walls, and the ability to produce proteases and lipases are all factors likely related to the virulence of this genus and therefore may account for the progress of invasive trichosporonosis. Disseminated trichosporonosis has been increasingly reported worldwide and represents a challenge for both diagnosis and species identification. Phenotypic identification methods are useful for Trichosporon sp. screening, but only molecular methods, such as IGS region sequencing, allow the complete identification of Trichosporon isolates at the species level. Methods for the diagnosis of invasive trichosporonosis include PCR-based methods, Luminex xMAP technology, and, more recently, proteomics. Treating patients with trichosporonosis remains a challenge because of limited data on the in vitro and in vivo activities of antifungal drugs against clinically relevant species of the genus. Despite the mentioned limitations, the use of antifungal regimens containing triazoles appears to be the best therapeutic approach.

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Section: Cell Wall Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge of Trichosporon spp. and Trichosporonosis

2011

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“…While the findings are not conclusive, it appears that the invasive properties demonstrated by the fungus were facilitated by the predisposing risk factors of widespread burns, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and diabetes, together with the invasive properties of capsular antigen glucuronoxylomannan (GXM). These risk factors were likely the main contributors to dissemination of the fungus (3,10,15). In our case, the only evidence of T. asahii invasion from pathological investigation was the meninges, suggesting the propensity of the fungus to gain access to several organ systems once the body's defense mechanisms have been breached.…”

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confidence: 82%

“…Karashima et al (10) demonstrated that passage of T. asahii in vivo (laboratory mice) is associated with increased release of the antigen GXM. This antigen enables the fungus to evade phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes in vivo (10). Persistent infection may allow the fungus to establish itself in various organ tissues, including the brain and other sterile sites (10,23).…”

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confidence: 99%

Disseminated Trichosporonosis in a Burn Patient: Meningitis and Cerebral Abscess Due to Trichosporon asahii

Heslop

Nyi

Abbott³

et al. 2011

J Clin Microbiol

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A 44-year-old diabetic female presented to a hospital in Jamaica with thermal burns. Trichosporon asahii was isolated from facial wounds, sputum, and a meningeal swab. Dissemination of the fungus was demonstrated in stained histological sections of the meninges and a brain abscess at autopsy. Pure growth of the fungus from patient samples submitted and an environmental isolate obtained from a wash basin in the hospital supported the diagnosis. CASE REPORTA 44-year-old hypertensive, diabetic woman presented with partial and full-thickness thermal burns involving 50% of her total body surface area, including the face and neck, torso, upper limbs, and proximal portion of the lower limbs. She was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for ventilatory support for suspected inhalational injury. Her initial hemoglobin level was 5.2 g/dl, her white blood cell count was 6.4 ϫ 10 9 /liter, her platelet count was 239 ϫ 10 9 /liter, and her blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were 2 mmol/liter and 54 mol/liter, respectively. Management included fluid resuscitation, topical and systemic antibiotic therapy, surgical intervention for control of wound sepsis, and limb perfusion. She also received ceftriaxone for empirical antibiotic coverage, tetracycline ointment for facial burn wounds, and twice daily application of dressings using flumazine to the wounds on the body. Nursing and dietary supportive measures were also instituted.The patient was clinically stable on admission when a primary culture of sputum yielded a light growth of a yeast reported as "yeast not Candida albicans." However, despite broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage, signs of sepsis appeared within 5 days of admission. She developed multiorganism infection of the burn wounds, which were culture positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus group D, Bacteroides, Alcaligenes sp., and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Blood culture and culture of a femoral central venous catheter tip were also positive for Streptococcus group D and Acinetobacter sp. Sputum and urine cultures were negative at that time. Appropriate antibiotic intervention following antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolates was commenced, and 0.25% acetic acid was included in the dressings applied to wounds that were positive for Pseudomonas. Despite the continued use of antibiotics, she persistently showed clinical, biochemical, and hematological signs of sepsis. The patient's clinical status continued to deteriorate, and she developed multiorgan dysfunction.Over the period of hospitalization, gradually increasing BUN levels (mean, 20.9 mmol/liter; range, 9.1 to 32.1 mmol/ liter) and creatinine levels (mean, 287.2 mol/liter; range, 54 to 353 mol/liter) were recorded. Levels remained relatively high throughout the remainder of the patient's hospital stay and were consistent with renal failure.

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“…The information about the efficiency of combination therapy for members of the genus Trichosporon including biofilm attenuation is scarce. Only a few studies have so far been conducted, focusing mainly on the combination of antifungals, such as amphotericin B, fluconazole and micafungin (Karashima et al 2002;Serena et al 2005;Sun et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic action of amphotericin B and rhamnolipid in combination on Candida parapsilosis and Trichosporon cutaneum

et al. 2017

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Emerging resistance of microbial cells towards antibiotics or disinfectants leads to an increase of nosocomial diseases, often biofilm related, and gives rise to the need for research for new antimicrobial substances. These studies are often focused on substances that are able to support the efficacy of currently used antimicrobials, reduce their required dosage and reduce the probability of resistance development. This work brings new insights into the in vitro interaction of rhamnolipid biosurfactant and amphotericin B against Candida sp. or Trichosporon sp.. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and fractional inhibitory concentration indexes for both planktonic and biofilm cells were determined by the chequerboard microdilution method. Combination effect of rhamnolipid and amphotericin B was observed for both yeasts. Synergy, defined as a fractional inhibitory concentration (FICi) index of 0.50, was observed in both planktonic and biofilm cells of Trichosporon cutaneum. For C. parapsilosis, synergistic effect (FICi 0.5) was observed for planktonic cells, and additive effect (FICi 0.8) for biofilm cells. The influence of concentrations established as FICi on biofilm formation and susceptibility was studied by light microscopy. The highest inhibition (90% colonized area reduction) of initial adhesion of C. parapsilosis was observed when biofilm FIC was applied.

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Increased release of glucuronoxylomannan antigen and induced phenotypic changes in Trichosporon asahii by repeated passage in mice

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Current Knowledge of Trichosporon spp. and Trichosporonosis

Current Knowledge of Trichosporon spp. and Trichosporonosis

Disseminated Trichosporonosis in a Burn Patient: Meningitis and Cerebral Abscess Due to Trichosporon asahii

Synergistic action of amphotericin B and rhamnolipid in combination on Candida parapsilosis and Trichosporon cutaneum

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