Increased risk for hypothyroidism after anticholinesterase pesticide poisoning: a nationwide population-based study

Huang, Hsin-Yi; Lee, Keng-Wei; Ho, Chung‐Han; Hsu, Chien‐Chin; Su, Shih‐Bin; Wang, Jhi‐Joung; Lin, Hung‐Jung; Huang, Chien‐Cheng

doi:10.1007/s12020-017-1373-7

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A total of 10,372 subjects poisoned by anticholinesterase pesticides were compared to 31,116 reference subjects between 2003 and 2012. Analysis demonstrated that exposed subjects had significantly increased risk for hypothyroidism (139). A smaller study was conducted on 177 occupationally exposed male workers in Italy and confirmed the thyroid disrupting effect of mancozeb (140).…”

Section: Epidemiological Evidence Of Thyroid Disruptionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Their main mode of action causes the accumulation of acetylcholine at the synaptic region. Their presence in blood or urine during early development has been associated with thyroid dysfunction (114), increase of hypothyroidism (91,139,140), brain function impairment (107,113), and increase in hormone-dependent cancer (115), which can be related to homeostatic imbalance.…”

Section: Epidemiological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticides With Potential Thyroid Hormone-Disrupting Effects: A Review of Recent Data

et al. 2019

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Plant Protection Products, more commonly referred to as pesticides and biocides, are used to control a wide range of yield-reducing pests including insects, fungi, nematodes, and weeds. Concern has been raised that some pesticides may act as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with the potential to interfere with the hormone systems of non-target invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans. EDCs act at low doses and particularly vulnerable periods of exposure include pre-and perinatal development. Of critical concern is the number of pesticides with the potential to interfere with the developing nervous system and brain, notably with thyroid hormone signaling. Across vertebrates, thyroid hormone orchestrates metamorphosis, brain development, and metabolism. Pesticide action on thyroid homeostasis can involve interference with TH production and its control, displacement from distributor proteins and liver metabolism. Here we focused on thyroid endpoints for each of the different classes of pesticides reviewing epidemiological and experimental studies carried out both in in vivo and in vitro. We conclude first, that many pesticides were placed on the market with insufficient testing, other than acute or chronic toxicity, and second, that thyroid-specific endpoints for neurodevelopmental effects and mixture assessment are largely absent from regulatory directives.

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Section: Epidemiological Evidence Of Thyroid Disruptionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Epidemiological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides With Potential Thyroid Hormone-Disrupting Effects: A Review of Recent Data

et al. 2019

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“…Our study found that patients with a history of goiter were at higher risk for developing thyroid dysfunction. Patients with goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, may have symptoms of normal thyroid function (nontoxic goiter), decreased thyroid function (hypothyroid goiter), or increased thyroid function (hyperthyroid goiter) [57]. The reasons for the relationship between a history of goiter and TD among CHC patients treated with PEG-IFN/RB remain unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term outcomes and risk factors of thyroid dysfunction during pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection in Taiwan

et al. 2019

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Background This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and risk factors of thyroid dysfunction (TD) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection in Taiwan. Methods The data in this study were obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research (Taiwan NHIR) database between 2001 and 2013. CHC patients treated with pegylated interferon/ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV) were enrolled as case patients, and nontreated CHC patients were enrolled as controls and were matched at a control:case ratio of 3:1 by index date, age (± 3 years), and sex. We compared the cumulative incidence of TD between the cohorts at follow-up until 2013. Results During the study period, 3810 cases and 9393 controls were included in the study. Among the study subjects, 173 (4.5%) case patients and 244 (2.6%) controls were diagnosed with TD during the follow-up period. The types of TD were hypothyroidism (42.9%), hyperthyroidism (31.2%), and thyroiditis (25.9%). Compared to controls during the 13-year follow-up, patients treated with PEG-IFN/RBV had a higher incidence rate of TD ( P < 0.0001), as determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that female sex (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23–1.75; P < 0.001), treatment with PEG-IFN/RBV (HR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.38–2.06; P < 0.001), hyperlipidemia (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.12–1.71; P < 0.001), and past history of goiter (HR: 6.40; 95% CI: 5.00–8.18; P < 0.001) were independent predictors for the development of TD. Conclusions PEG-IFN/RBV treatment may be an independent risk factor for thyroid dysfunction among patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Monitoring thyroid function keenly during PEG-IFN/RBV therapy in patients with chronic HCV infection is recommended for clinicians, especially for female patients and for patients with a history of hyperlipidemia and goiter.

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“…In humans, thyroid hormones are essential for the development of the brain, inner ear, eye, heart, kidneys, bone, skeletal muscle, and regulation of energy metabolism [1]. Pesticide levels in blood or urine during the early development of children have been linked to thyroid dysfunction [3], an increase in hypothyroidism [4,5], and brain function impairment [6]. An increased risk of hypothyroidism was associated with ever-use of the herbicides 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-TP, alachlor, dicamba, and petroleum oil and the insecticides chlordane, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), heptachlor, lindane, and toxaphene, diazinon, malathion, and carbofuran [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Study of Thyroid Hormones between Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand

Nankongnab

Kongtip

Kallayanatham

et al. 2020

Toxics

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Many pesticides are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that can interfere with hormone levels. This study aimed to assess the longitudinal impact of exposure to pesticides on thyroid hormone levels, including Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Free Triiodothyronine (FT3), Free Thyroxine (FT4), Triiodothyronine (T3), and Thyroxine (T4). Both conventional (i.e., pesticide using) and organic farmers were interviewed using questionnaires, and blood samples were collected at 7–9 a.m. to determine thyroid hormone levels for four rounds, with a duration of eight months between each round. A linear mixed model of the natural log of the individual hormone levels used random intercepts for subjects while controlling gender, baseline age, and body mass index (BMI) was used to compare between conventional and organic farmers or the impact of cumulative days of spraying insecticides, herbicides or fungicides. The estimated marginal means of the thyroid hormone levels (TSH, FT3, T3, and T4) estimated from the linear mixed models were significantly higher among the conventional farmers than organic farmers. As cumulative spray days of insecticide, herbicide or fungicide increased, TSH and FT3 increased significantly. FT4 decreased significantly as cumulative spray days of insecticide or fungicide increased. These findings suggest that the insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides sprayed by conventional farmers exert endocrine-disrupting activities, altering the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis homeostasis.

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Increased risk for hypothyroidism after anticholinesterase pesticide poisoning: a nationwide population-based study

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Pesticides With Potential Thyroid Hormone-Disrupting Effects: A Review of Recent Data

Pesticides With Potential Thyroid Hormone-Disrupting Effects: A Review of Recent Data

Long-term outcomes and risk factors of thyroid dysfunction during pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection in Taiwan

Longitudinal Study of Thyroid Hormones between Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand

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