Increased risk of hip fracture in the elderly associated with prochlorperazine: is a prescribing cascade contributing?

Caughey, Gillian E.; Roughead, Elizabeth E.; Pratt, Nicole; Shakib, Sepehr; Vitry, Agnès; Gilbert, Andrew L.

doi:10.1002/pds.2009

Cited by 57 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These within-subject comparisons can thus be fully controlled for potential confounding from between-subject differences and time-invariant characteristics, e.g., age, gender, genetic factors, mental health status, polypharmacy, and other unknown confounding factors. PSSA has also been employed in previous studies investigating associations between use of certain target drugs and potential AEs such as depression [15], hip fracture [18], or nocturnal leg cramps [19]. The validity of the PSSA has been confirmed by previous study [20], [21].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Detecting Potential Adverse Reactions of Sulpiride in Schizophrenic Patients by Prescription Sequence Symmetry Analysis

et al. 2014

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PurposePrevious studies have demonstrated sulpiride to be significantly more effective than haloperidol, risperidone and olanzapine in schizophrenic treatment; however, only limited information is available on the potential risks associated with sulpiride treatment. This study attempts to provide information on the potential risks of sulpiride treatment of schizophrenia, especially with regard to unexpected adverse effects.Materials and MethodsPatients with schizophrenia aged 18 and older, newly prescribed with a single antipsychotic medication from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan in the period from 2003 to 2010 were included. A within-subject comparison method, prescription sequence symmetry analysis (PSSA) was employed to efficiently identify potential causal relationships while controlling for potential selection bias.ResultsA total of 5,750 patients, with a mean age of 39, approximately half of whom were male, constituted the study cohort. The PSSA found that sulpiride was associated with EPS (adjusted SR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.46–2.06) and hyperprolactinemia (12.04; 1.59–91.2). In comparison, EPS caused by haloperidol has a magnitude of 1.99 when analyzed with PSSA, and hyperprolactinemia caused by amisulpride has a magnitude of 8.05, respectively. Another finding was the unexpected increase in the use of stomatological corticosteroids, emollient laxatives, dermatological preparations of corticosteroids, quinolone antibacterials, and topical products for joint and muscular pain, after initiation of sulpiride treatment.ConclusionsWe found sulpiride to be associated with an increased risk of EPS and hyperprolactinemia, and the potential risk could be as high as that induced by haloperidol and amisulpride, respectively. Additionally, our study provides grounds for future investigations into the associations between sulpiride and the increased use of additional drugs for managing adverse effects, including stomatological, dermatological, and musculoskeletal or joint side effects, constipation, and pneumonia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Detecting Potential Adverse Reactions of Sulpiride in Schizophrenic Patients by Prescription Sequence Symmetry Analysis

et al. 2014

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“…The method has been described in detail previously. [6][7][8] Briefly, sequence symmetry analysis examines asymmetry in the distribution of an incident event (eg either prescription of another medicine or hospitalization) before and after the initiation of a specific treatment. 8 Asymmetry may indicate an association of the specific medicine of interest with the event.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8] Briefly, sequence symmetry analysis examines asymmetry in the distribution of an incident event (eg either prescription of another medicine or hospitalization) before and after the initiation of a specific treatment. 8 Asymmetry may indicate an association of the specific medicine of interest with the event. The ratio of the number of persons with the event after the prescription versus the number of persons with the event before the prescription is described as the crude sequence ratio (SR), and is an estimate of the incident rate ratio of the event in person time for people exposed versus non-exposed to the prescribed medicine of interest.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adjusted sequence ratio was obtained by dividing the crude sequence ratio by the null-effect ratio and 99% confidence intervals were calculated. 8 Prescription symmetry analyses were performed for initiation of timolol, latanoprost, bimatoprost and pilocarpine with inhaled beta-agonists, inhaled corticosteroids and oral corticosteroids as a measure of potential exacerbation of airways disease. Analyses were undertaken for timolol, latanoprost, bimatoprost and brimonidine with antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, as a measure of exacerbation of depression.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prescription symmetry and prescription event analyses [6][7][8] were undertaken to determine if there was any evidence of potential harm associated with the use of glaucoma medicines in co-morbid conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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