Increased risk of lung cancer in individuals with a family history of the disease: A pooled analysis from the International Lung Cancer Consortium

Abstract

Background and Methods Familial aggregation of lung cancer exists after accounting for cigarette smoking. However, the extent to which family history affects risk by smoking status, histology, relative type and ethnicity is not well described. This pooled analysis included 24 case-control studies in the International Lung Cancer Consortium. Each study collected age of onset/interview, gender, race/ethnicity, cigarette smoking, histology and first-degree family history of lung cancer. Data from 24,380 lung cancer cases and 23,305 healthy controls were analyzed. Unconditional logistic regression models and generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results Individuals with a first-degree relative with lung cancer had a 1.51-fold increase in risk of lung cancer, after adjustment for smoking and other potential confounders(95% CI: 1.39, 1.63). The association was strongest for those with a family history in a sibling, after adjustment (OR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.05). No modifying effect by histologic type was found. Never smokers showed a lower association with positive familial history of lung cancer (OR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.52), slightly stronger for those with an affected sibling (OR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.93), after adjustment. Conclusions The increased risk among never smokers and similar magnitudes of the effect of family history on lung cancer risk across histological types suggests familial aggregation of lung cancer is independent of those associated with cigarette smoking. While the role of genetic variation in the etiology of lung cancer remains to be fully characterized, family history assessment is immediately available and those with a positive history represent a higher risk group.

The UK Lung Cancer Screening Trial: a pilot randomised controlled trial of low-dose computed tomography screening for the early detection of lung cancer

“…59 (6) 57 (5) 58 (5) 65 (5) 61 (4) 59 (6) Current smokers at randomisation, % 55 76 61 55 65 63 Mean pack-years (± SD) 42 (19) 36 (13) 36 (18) 47 (25) 43 (18) …”

“…For ribonucleic acid (RNA), later samples of buccal (6) and nasal (7) scrapes, the nasal samples were superior in all measurements. Whereas 6 of 10 nasal samples gave Qubit concentrations of > 10 ng/µl (range 15-120 ng/µl) and RNA integrity number (RIN) values of 6.1-7.8, only 4 of 10 buccal samples gave similar amounts (range 15-69 ng/µl) but with lower RIN values of 0-5.9.…”

“…from X-rays, radon gas or previous radiotherapy) and occupational exposures, such as asbestos and silica. 5 Lung cancer is more common in people with a family history of the disease, particularly in siblings, 6 and in those with a previous history of respiratory diseases [e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis, emphysema, tuberculosis and pneumonia].…”

Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in the Pakistani Population

“…Exposure to welding fumes at work place (Mannetje et al, 2012), cooking fumes (Yin et al, 2013), sedentary living (Yang et al, 2003), family history (Cote et al, 2012), exposure to wood dust (Bhatti et al, 2011), alcoholism (Bagnardi et al, 2010) and asbestos exposure (Markowitz et al, 2013) has also been reported in Caucasian, American, African and Asian populations as positive risk factors of lung cancer. But high OR value of 2.5 in Pakistani population for welding fumes in present study is higher than any other parts of the world.…”

Expression of Hypoxia-inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase 3 HIFPH3 in Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Its Correlation with Prognosis

“…Lung cancer is becoming the worldwide top male cancer type with highest morbidity and mortality (Coté et al, 2012). About 80-85% lung cancer cases are none-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).…”