Increased Risk of Musculoskeletal Injuries After Concussion

Smulligan, Katherine L.; Wilson, Julie C.; Howell, David R.

doi:10.1016/j.otsm.2022.150896

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 85 publications

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“…As professional rugby players may not disclose their concussions, it is incumbent on medical teams and coaching staff to identify abnormalities concerning the players’ health during training and competitive matches [ 15 ]. Exposure to further concussion injury risk or inaccurate on-field assessments is known to endanger the player to further injury [ 16 ]. There have been open discussions about concerns of medical teams, coaching staff, club owners, and player-representative bodies regarding the long-term health of current and retired players [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protect the Player, Protect the Game: Reflections from Ex-Professional Rugby Union Players on Law Changes, Protective Equipment, and Duty of Care in the Professional Game

Daly

Blackett

Pearce

et al. 2022

JFMK

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The emphasis of this study was to interview ex-professional male rugby union players (n = 23, mean age 35.5 ± 4.7 years) and discuss concussion management during their careers. In this study, two major themes were identified: (1) the duty of care to professional rugby union players by medical personnel, coaching staff, and owners of professional clubs and (2) the use of protective equipment and law changes to enhance player safety. In total, twenty-three ex-professional rugby union players were interviewed, and the majority (61%) had represented their countries at international test-level rugby. These interviews highlighted the belief that medical teams should be objective, independent entities within a professional rugby club. Furthermore, medical teams should not be in a position of being pressurised by head coaches, members of the coaching team, or club owners regarding return-to-play (RTP) protocols specific to concussion. The interviewees believed that they were pressured by coaches or members of the coaching team to play with concussion or concussive symptoms and other physical injuries. The results indicated that they had manipulated concussion testing themselves or with assistance to pass standard concussion testing protocols. The interviewees indicated that club owners have a duty of care to players even in retirement due to the high incidence of physical and mental injuries endured as a professional rugby player. Most participants indicated that a reduction in match playing time and reducing the amount of time engaged in contact training (workload volume) may assist in reducing concussion incidence. The participants suggested that changes to the current laws of the game or the use of protective equipment did not mitigate against concussion risk in the game of rugby union. The main limitation to the study is that participants had retired in the past ten years, and conditions for players may have changed. This study has highlighted that additional efforts are required by professional clubs to ensure the highest duty of care is delivered to current players and recently retired players.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protect the Player, Protect the Game: Reflections from Ex-Professional Rugby Union Players on Law Changes, Protective Equipment, and Duty of Care in the Professional Game

Daly

Blackett

Pearce

et al. 2022

JFMK

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Adolescents With More Oculomotor and Vestibular Signs of Sport-Related Concussion Benefit from Aerobic Exercise: An Exploratory Analysis

Corrado

Willer

McPherson

et al. 2023

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Research Letter: Concussion-Related General Startle Suppression in Adolescent Athletes

Oldham,

DeFalco,

Willwerth

et al. 2024

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation

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Objectives: We investigated the acoustic startle reflex in recently concussed adolescent athletes compared to healthy controls and those with concussion history (>1 year prior) but no current symptoms. We hypothesized that individuals with recent concussion would have a suppressed startle response compared to healthy controls. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 49 adolescent athletes with a recent concussion (n = 20; age: 14.6 ± 1.6 years; 60% female), a concussion history > 1 year prior (n = 16; age: 14.8 ± 2.0 years; 44% female), and healthy controls (n = 13; age: 13.3 ± 2.8 years; 54% female). We measured the eyeblink of the general startle reflex via electromyography activity of the orbicularis oculi muscle using electrodes placed under the right eye. Measurement sessions included twelve 103 decibel acoustic startle probes ~50 milliseconds in duration delivered ~15-25 seconds apart. The primary dependent variable was mean startle magnitude (µV), and group was the primary independent variable. We used a one-way analysis of variance followed by a Tukey post hoc test to compare mean startle magnitude between groups. Results: Mean startle magnitude significantly differed (F = 5.49, P = .007) among the groups. Mean startle magnitude was significantly suppressed for the concussion (P = .01) and concussion history groups (P = .02) compared to healthy controls. There was no significant difference between the recent concussion and concussion history groups (P = 1.00). Conclusion: Our results provide novel evidence for startle suppression in adolescent athletes following concussion. The concussion history group had an attenuated startle response beyond resolution of their recovery, suggesting there may be lingering physiological dysfunction.

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Increased Risk of Musculoskeletal Injuries After Concussion

Cited by 6 publications

References 85 publications

Protect the Player, Protect the Game: Reflections from Ex-Professional Rugby Union Players on Law Changes, Protective Equipment, and Duty of Care in the Professional Game

Protect the Player, Protect the Game: Reflections from Ex-Professional Rugby Union Players on Law Changes, Protective Equipment, and Duty of Care in the Professional Game

Adolescents With More Oculomotor and Vestibular Signs of Sport-Related Concussion Benefit from Aerobic Exercise: An Exploratory Analysis

Research Letter: Concussion-Related General Startle Suppression in Adolescent Athletes

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