Increased Robustness Against Bit Errors for Distributed Speech Recognition in Wireless Environments

Automatic Speech Recognition on Mobile Devices and over Communication Networks

“…For a given packet type the reduction in energy consumption with respect to increased delay levels off after 64 frames. This knee coincides with accuracy experiments in Delaney (2004), suggesting that delays beyond 0.64 s have little benefit in terms of improved accuracy and decreased energy consumption. Conversely, data packets in the presence of bit errors will continue to be retransmitted until they are received correctly or a timeout occurs.…”

“…First we use a model for the energy consumption of a single Bluetooth voice or data packet given in Delaney (2004). We then consider the use of Bluetooth power saving modes to reduce the energy consumption during the idle time, similar to the 802.11b scheduling algorithm.…”

“…using Bluetooth voice packets with and without server-side error concealment and interleaving is shown. The table is derived from a series of experiments under various channel conditions from Delaney (2004). The ETSI bit-stream is corrupted by burst errors and speech recognition is performed.…”

“…concealment approach(Delaney 2004), increased delay can improve the ASR accu-impact on speech recognition accuracy. Using a combined interleaving and error…”

Uncertainty in Signal Estimation and Stochastic Weighted Viterbi Algorithm: A Unified Framework to Address Robustness in Speech Recognition and Speaker Verification

“…It is worth highlighting that SWV allows the interaction between the language and acoustic models in ASR just like in human perception: the language model has a higher weight in those frames with low SNR or low reliability (Yoma et al, 2003-B). Finally, the concept of uncertainty in noise canceling and weighted recognition algorithms (Yoma et al, 1995;1996-A;1996-B;1997-A;1997-B;1998-A;1998-B;1998-C;1999) have also widely been employed elsewhere in the fields of ASR and SV in later publications (Acero et al, 2006-A;2006-B;Arrowood & Clements, 2004;Bernard & Alwan, 2002;Breton, 2005;Chan & Siu, 2004;Cho et al, 2002;Delaney, 2005;Deng, et al, 2005;Erzin et al, 2005;Gomez et al, 2006;Hung et al, 1998;Keung et al, 2000;Kitaoka & Nakagawa, 2002;Li, 2003;Liao & Gales, 2005 ;Pfitzinger, 2000;Pitsikalis et al, 2006;Tan et al, 2005;Vildjiounaite et al, 2006;Wu & Chen, 2001).…”