Increased seroprevalence of human herpes virus-8 in renal transplant recipients in Saudi Arabia

Alzahrani, Alhussain J.; El-Harith, El-Harith A.; Milzer, Jutta; Obeid, Obeid E.; Stuhrmann, Manfred; Aldayel, Adel; Mohamed, Eltayeb A.; Al-Egail, Siddig; Daoud, Mahmoud; Chowdhury, Ayub Ali; Guella, Adnane; Al-Oraifi, Ibrahim; Schulz, Thomas F.

doi:10.1093/ndt/gfi058

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In Middle Eastern countries, similar seroprevalence rates were reported in Saudi Arabia (2 % in healthy controls, 18 % in renal transplant recipients) [ 4 ] and in Iran (2 % in blood donors, 17 % in hemodialysis patients, 25 % in renal transplant patients) [ 205 ]. In Israel, KSHV seroprevalence among the different Jewish groups was found to correlate with the incidence of KS.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Kshv Infectionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Epidemiology, Biological Characteristics and Pathogenesis

Sarid

Calabrò

2014

Viral Infections of Humans

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KSHV is a lymphotropic gamma-2 herpesvirus (rhadinovirus) and is the only member of this group that infects humans. KSHV shares close homology with several primate and nonprimate mammalian viruses, having the closest homology with retroperitoneal fi bromatosis herpesviruses (RFHV) and rhesus rhadinovirus (RRV) [ 110 , 347 , 363 ]. Among human herpesviruses, KSHV is most closely related to the EpsteinBarr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous lymphotropic virus which is associated causally with several human cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and certain types of lymphomas.The overall size of the KSHV virion is 120-150 nm. Four structural proteins encoded by the orf 25 , orf26 , orf62 , and orf65 encompass the icosahedral capsid shell of KSHV which has a diameter of ~130 nm. Three of these proteins share signifi cant homology with capsid proteins in alpha and beta-herpesvirus subfamilies, whereas ORF65 differs from its structural counterparts in the other subfamilies [ 397 ]. Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) and Cryo-EM tomography studies suggest that KSHV capsomers are hexamers and pentamers of the major capsid protein encoded by orf25 , with the small capsid protein, encoded by orf65 , binding around the tips of both hexons and pentons [ 108 ]. An amorphous, but highly organized, proteinaceous tegument, wrapped with a lipid bilayer envelope containing surface viral glycoproteins, surrounds the capsid. Several cellular

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Section: Epidemiology Of Kshv Infectionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Epidemiology, Biological Characteristics and Pathogenesis

Sarid

Calabrò

2014

Viral Infections of Humans

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“…1,6,19 Interestingly, in our study, KS risk was highest in recipients born in the Middle East, perhaps reflecting the high HHV-8 seroprevalence among adults (10-30%) in their countries of birth. 24,25 Only 1 recipient from Italy developed KS, and none among African recipients, but the number of recipients from these groups was small. We observed an extremely low incidence of KS among transplant recipients in the United States.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Kaposi's sarcoma risk among transplant recipients in the United States (1993–2003)

Mbulaiteye¹,

Engels²

2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) risk is high in immunosuppressed transplant recipients. KS develops in recipients with pre‐existing infection with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8), the causative agent for KS, but it can also occur in recipients infected by donors. The relative importance of these sources of infection in recipients in the United States is unknown. We report recipient and donor characteristics associated with KS among transplant recipients in the United States. KS risk, after solid organ transplantation during 1993–2003, was analyzed using data from the Organ Procurement and Tissue Network. Associations were determined using proportional hazards regression. Sixtyfive KS cases were identified among 234,127 transplants (incidence 8.8 per 100,000 person‐years). Most cases occurred in the first 2 years after transplantation (incidence 12.5 per 100,000 person‐years). KS risk increased steadily with recipient age (ptrend < 0.001) and was associated with the recipient being male (HR 1.8, 95% CI, 1.0–3.2), Hispanic (2.1, 1.1–3.8) and a non‐U.S. citizen (3.9, 1.8–8.6). Mismatch at the HLA‐B locus, but not at HLA‐A or HLA‐DR loci, was associated with heightened risk (HR 3.6, 95%CI 1.1–11 for 1–2 vs. 0 HLA‐B mismatches). KS was unrelated to donor characteristics and was not significantly related to use of specific antirejection medications. Our study found that KS incidence was low among transplant recipients in the United States, but it was associated with recipient age, sex and citizenship, perhaps reflecting pre‐existing HHV‐8 infection. The high KS risk immediately posttransplant and in persons with HLA‐B mismatch highlights the role of immunosuppression and/or immune stimulation in KS pathogenesis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…93 If the crudely calculated incidence of KS in the Arabian population is correct, KS may be as common among Arabians as among the Mediterranean population. 114 A previously unrecognized genetic predisposition for KS among Arabians has been suggested.…”

Section: Classic Ksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…134,135 A male-to-female ratio of 1.5:1 also was evident among renal transplant recipients in Arabia. 114 KS represents 87.5% of posttransplantation neoplasia in Saudi Arabia 135 and 80% of posttransplantation cancers in Turkey. 136 The high frequency of iatrogenic KS in Saudi Arabia reflects the 7% endemic seroprevalence of HHV-8 in healthy Arabians.…”

Section: Iatrogenic Ksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kaposi sarcoma: A continuing conundrum

Schwartz

Micali

Nasca

et al. 2008

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

203

212

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Increased seroprevalence of human herpes virus-8 in renal transplant recipients in Saudi Arabia

Abstract: The present results provide some explanation for the previously noted high incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in Saudi transplant patients.

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Epidemiology, Biological Characteristics and Pathogenesis

Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Epidemiology, Biological Characteristics and Pathogenesis

Kaposi's sarcoma risk among transplant recipients in the United States (1993–2003)

Kaposi sarcoma: A continuing conundrum

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