Increased spore production by Glomus intraradices in the split-plate monoxenic culture system by repeated harvest, gel replacement, and resupply of glucose to the mycorrhiza

Douds, David D.

doi:10.1007/s00572-002-0174-9

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The co-cultivation of G. intraradices spores with carrot hairy root was used in present study, because of their comfort of propagation and better adaption in culture than normal root. This result is supported by Douds (2002) and Gadkar et al (2006), where transformed Daucus carota DC1 and DC2 hairy roots respectively have been successfully used to initiate monoxenic culture of AM fungi through root organ culture. In our study 3-7 days Co-Cultivation with transformed carrot root and G. intraradices spores, the hyphal growth was moves towards host root.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Establishing monoxenic culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices through root organ culture

Srinivasan

Kumar

Kumutha

et al. 2014

JANS

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are soil fungi distributed worldwide, forming symbiosis with most of the vascular plants for their growth and survival, which is used for sustainable agriculture and ecosystem management. This study investigated the establishment of monoxenic cultures of Glomus intraradices in association with transformed carrot hairy root. The G.intraradices spores were isolated from sugarcane rhizosphere by wet sieving and decanting technique and propagated in open pot culture. Transformation in to carrot hairy root was done using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Surface sterilization of G.intraradices spores co-cultured with transformed carrot hairy root in Modified Strulla and Romand (MSR) medium was found the host root growth as well as for germination AM spores. After three months of incubation in dark condition, significant production of extensive hyphal growth on MSR medium and an average of 8500-9000 spores per petri dish was observed. The in vitro inoculum exhibited higher potential of root colonization due to numerous intraradices mycelium with extensive spore load. The produced monoxenic inoculum can be used in place of traditional system where it has a advantage of producing contaminant free propagulas. Thus the monoxenic culture system, a powerful tool, of AM sporulation, can be used for the mass production of monoxenic inoculum of AM fungi besides studying its biology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Establishing monoxenic culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices through root organ culture

Srinivasan

Kumar

Kumutha

et al. 2014

JANS

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“…After 15 weeks, the fungal compartment of all plates from each isolate was removed and pooled for extraction of hyphae and spores (26). This compartment was refilled with medium to allow the growth of more fungal material for a second extraction (27).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High genetic variability and low local diversity in a population of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Koch

Kuhn²,

Fontanillas³

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

189

256

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ecologically important root symbionts of most terrestrial plants. Ecological studies of AMF have concentrated on differences between species; largely assuming little variability within AMF species. Although AMF are clonal, they have evolved to contain a surprisingly high within-species genetic variability, and genetically different nuclei can coexist within individual spores. These traits could potentially lead to within-population genetic variation, causing differences in physiology and symbiotic function in AMF populations, a consequence that has been largely neglected. We found highly significant genetic and phenotypic variation among isolates of a population of Glomus intraradices but relatively low total observed genetic diversity. Because we maintained the isolated population in a constant environment, phenotypic variation can be considered as variation in quantitative genetic traits. In view of the large genetic differences among isolates by randomly sampling two individual spores, <50% of the total observed population genetic diversity is represented. Adding an isolate from a distant population did not increase total observed genetic diversity. Genetic variation exceeded variation in quantitative genetic traits, indicating that selection acted on the population to retain similar traits, which might be because of the multigenomic nature of AMF, where considerable genetic redundancy could buffer the effects of changes in the genetic content of phenotypic traits. These results have direct implications for ecological research and for studying AMF genes, improving commercial AMF inoculum, and understanding evolutionary mechanisms in multigenomic organisms.

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“…However, no significant effects on the d. wt of the FERM were found, probably because the variability in the amount of FERM was larger than any fungal growth during the 3-and 6-d treatment. Douds (2002) reported that spore production in the fungal compartment can be increased by replenishing carbohydrates in the root compartment. This is consistent with several reports that AM fungal growth and mycorrhizal colonization are affected by altered light conditions that change the C availability for the fungus (Hayman, 1974;Son & Smith, 1988;Smith & Gianinazzi-Pearson, 1990).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phosphate uptake, transport and transfer by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices is stimulated by increased carbohydrate availability

2005

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Summary• The influence of carbohydrate availability to mycorrhizal roots on uptake, metabolism and translocation of phosphate (P) by the fungus was examined in axenic cultures of transformed carrot ( Daucus carota ) roots in symbiosis with Glomus intraradices .• 14 C-labelled carbohydrates, 33 P-phosphate and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis were used to follow the uptake and transfer of C and P in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis.• The uptake of P by the extraradical mycelium (ERM) and its translocation to the mycorrhizal roots was stimulated and the metabolic and spatial distribution of P within the fungus were altered in response to increased carbohydrate availability. Sucrose supply resulted in a decrease of polyphosphates and an increased incorporation into phospholipids and other growth-related P pools and also caused elevated cytoplasmic P levels in the intraradical mycelium (IRM) within the root and higher cytoplasmic P levels in the root cortex.• These findings indicate that the uptake of P by the fungus and its transfer to the host is also stimulated by the transfer of carbon from plant to fungus across the mycorrhizal interface. IntroductionArbuscular mycorrhizas are the most widespread underground symbiosis and are formed between a wide variety of plants and obligately symbiotic fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are known to stimulate host plant growth, mainly by enhancing soil nutrient uptake, particularly P, but also by increasing the resistance of host plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. The positive effect on P uptake has been attributed to: (i) an exploration of a larger soil volume by the extraradical mycelium (ERM); (ii) the small hyphal diameter leading to an increased P absorbing surface area and, compared to nonmycorrhizal roots, higher P influx rates per surface unit; (iii) the formation of polyphosphates (polyP) by mycorrhizal fungi and thus lower internal inorganic P (P i ) concentrations; and (iv) the production of organic acids and phosphatases that catalyse the release of P from organic complexes (Marschner & Dell, 1994).However, the benefit of a mycorrhizal infection for the P nutrition of a host plant is not due to higher P absorption under all supply conditions, but also to the capability to accumulate P under high external supply and to remobilize this storage pool under P stress and to maintain a continuous flux of P to the mycorrhizal host (Harley & Smith, 1983). The benefits of the host plant do not always outweigh the costs and under conditions of sufficient and supraoptimal P supply, a mycorrhizal infection may have no positive effect on the P absorption (Amijee et al ., 1993) and a reduction of plant growth may be observed. This can be explained by the carbon (C) costs of a mycorrhizal infection for the host plant (Peng et al ., 1993). In return for the improved nutrient supply, up to 20% of the assimilated C from the plant is translocated to the fungal symbiont for the formation, maintenance and function of mycorrhizal st...

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Increased spore production by Glomus intraradices in the split-plate monoxenic culture system by repeated harvest, gel replacement, and resupply of glucose to the mycorrhiza

Cited by 44 publications

References 27 publications

Establishing monoxenic culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices through root organ culture

Establishing monoxenic culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices through root organ culture

High genetic variability and low local diversity in a population of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Phosphate uptake, transport and transfer by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices is stimulated by increased carbohydrate availability

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