Increased Systemic Heparanase in Retinal Vein Occlusion Is Associated With Activation of Inflammation and Thrombophilia

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the levels of systemic heparanase, inflammatory markers, and coagulation factor activities in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods: This prospective study included 18 patients with central RVO, 22 patients with branch RVO, and 40 patients with age-related cataract as the control group. Serum heparanase protein levels and activities were measured by ELISA and a heparan degrading enzyme assay kit, respectively. Serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TLR-2, and TLR-4 were measured by ELISA kits. The activities of coagulation factors (V, VII, VIII, and IX) were determined with an autoanalyzer. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the above parameters between patients with RVO and control subjects. The relationship between two of the above parameters was analyzed by Spearman's correlation. Results: Patients with RVO had higher levels of systemic heparanase protein, heparanase activities, coagulation factors' (V, VIII, and IX) activities, MMP-2, MMP-9, TLR-2, and TLR-4 compared with the control group. Systemic heparanase levels were correlated with serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TLR-2, TLR-4, and activities of coagulation factors VIII and IX. Conclusion: Increase of systemic heparanase in RVO is associated with activation of systemic inflammation and blood hypercoagulability.

Differential expression of aqueous humor microRNAs in central retinal vein occlusion and its association with matrix metalloproteinases: a pilot study

“…Serum or intraocular MMP levels in patients with RVO have been previously reported in a few studies 16 – 18 , 47 . Higher serum MMP-2 and -9 levels have been reported in patients with RVO compared to controls 47 .…”

Correlation between neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and clinical manifestations and complications of retinitis pigmentosa

“…2015; Hu et al. 2020). However, evidence also shows that the concentrations of hs‐CRP, C3 and CH50 in serum of patients with pathological myopia are significantly higher than those in normal controls, indicating that pathological myopia shares certain features with autoimmune diseases and may represent a state of low‐grade systemic inflammation (Long et al.…”

“…As in many other eye diseases, such as keratoconus (Karaca et al 2014), dry eye (Sekeryapan et al 2016), RVO (Dursun et al 2015), AMD (Ilhan et al 2015), and high myopia (Icel et al 2020), the systemic inflammatory marker NLR increases in peripheral blood. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and RVO have been accepted as ocular manifestations of systemic diseases and systemic inflammation (Ilhan et al 2015;Hu et al 2020). However, evidence also shows that the concentrations of hs-CRP, C3 and CH50 in serum of patients with pathological myopia are significantly higher than those in normal controls, indicating that pathological myopia shares certain features with autoimmune diseases and may represent a state of low-grade systemic inflammation (Long et al 2013).…”

Changes of Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers in Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusion After Anti-VEGF and Anti-Inflammatory Therapies

“…The present conclusion just reflected the short-term changes of optical biomarkers. Moreover, RVO is a vascular disease associated with systematic metabolic factors, 48 , 49 so aqueous humor samples, vitreous fluid samples, and serum samples should also be collected and analyzed.…”