Increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection among indigenous people living in the urban area of Manaus

Pontes, Gemilson Soares; Silva, Jean de Melo; Pinheiro-Silva, Renato; Barbosa, Anderson Nogueira; Santos, Luciano Cardenes; Ramalho, Antônio de Pádua Quirino; Alves, Carlos Eduardo de Castro; Silva, Danielle Furtado da; Oliveira, Leonardo Calheiros de; Costa, Allyson Guimarães; Bruno, Ana Carla

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96843-1

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The high seroprevalence of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies reported herein among vulnerable Amazon indigenous peoples is comparable to our recent finding among Venezuelan indigenous Warao refugees residing in Belem city, the capital of Para state, where infection was detected in 83% of the subjects 17. Similar results were reported among indigenous people living in the surrounding area of Manaus, where the number of individuals sharing households was a risk for virus infection 18…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among indigenous populations of the Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its pandemic spread generated serious concern about the impact of the infection on vulnerable indigenous populations of the Brazilian Amazon. Thus, this study aimed to perform a seroepidemiological survey of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in those populations.SettingSix indigenous ethnic groups living in the State of Pará (Northern Brazil) were investigated. The villages of Xikrin do Bacajá, Assurini, Araweté, Parakanã, Munduruku and Kararaô were visited from October 2020 to January 2021.Design and participantsWe performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of anti-spike (S1) IgG antibodies. Plasma was tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies using two assays (a lateral flow rapid test and an ELISA). A total of 1185 individuals of both sexes were enrolled in the study.ResultsThe prevalences of IgM and IgG antibodies were 6.9% and 68.1%, respectively, ranging from 0% to 79.6%, with significant differences (p<0.001) between age groups in three communities (Araweté, Xikrin and Munduruku) and a virulence rate of 0.86%. The overall IgG prevalence obtained by rapid tests and ELISAs were similar, and the agreement of the results between the two tests was 80%, which was classified as good (kappa=0.4987; p<0.001; sensitivity of 82.1% and specificity of 71.6%). Herd immunity was probably attained, similar to that found in other communities of the Amazon.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 spread rapidly among the indigenous populations investigated, but it had a low mortality rate. It is necessary to expand serological investigations to other communities in the Amazon region of Brazil.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“… 17 Similar results were reported among indigenous people living in the surrounding area of Manaus, where the number of individuals sharing households was a risk for virus infection. 18 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among indigenous populations of the Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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“…Studies conducted in the Amazon region of Brazil and a community in the Colombian Amazon revealed high seroprevalence rates for SARS-CoV-2 among native populations, with percentages ranging from 57.6% to 68.1% [15,16]. Even among urban indigenous populations in Manaus, Brazil, a significant 60.71% showed seropositivity for the virus, despite the absence of reported COVID-19 symptoms [17]. These findings underscore the widespread impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on indigenous communities, particularly in the Amazon region of Brazil [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Seroprevalence Of SARS-COV-2 infection in asymptomatic indigenous from the largest Brazilian periurban area

de Oliveira,

dos Santos Barbosa,

Leite Torres

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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This study assessed the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in 496 asymptomatic individuals from Mato Grosso do Sul, located in Dourados, the largest periurban indigenous area in Brazil, from January 25 to February 4, 2021. The volunteers participated before receiving their first dose of the CoronaVac inactivated vaccine. For screening, blood samples were collected and analyzed using SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We observed varying trends in total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies across different variables. Seropositivity among the participants tested was 63.70% (316/496) using the rapid test and 52.82% (262/496) were positive using the ELISA method. The majority of participants identified with the Guarani-Kaiowá ethnic group, with 66.15% (217/328), and other ethnic groups with 58.84% (193/328). The median age of the subjects was 30.5 years, with 79.57% (261/328) being femaleThis research showed the elevated seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in asymptomatic Brazilians. The findings indicate a high seropositivity rate among the asymptomatic indigenous population of Midwest Brazil. This underscores the overlooked status of these communities and underscores the need for targeted national initiatives that emphasize the protection of vulnerable ethnic groups in the fight against COVID-19.

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“…While a low inhibition towards more “modern” variants could be expected, as primary infection occurred with another variant 39 , the low overall humoral responses require further investigation to determine whether this a country/continent-wide phenomenon and/or related to assay cross-reactivity and performance as seen for other pathogens such as tuberculosis 40 , 41 . For further clarification and to enable a direct comparison, only Pontes et al are among the few South American studies utilizing the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA that present S1 IgG titer ratios 42 – 45 . Interestingly, our mean IgG S1 ratios for SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals are within a comparable range pointing towards a continent-wide phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses in urban and indigenous children in Colombia

Fernández Villalobos,

Marsall,

Torres Páez

et al. 2023

Commun Med

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Background Although anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune responses and epidemiology have been extensively studied, data gaps remain for certain populations such as indigenous people or children especially in low- and middle-income countries. To address this gap, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and humoral immunity towards the parental B.1 strain, local SARS-CoV-2 variants, and endemic coronaviruses in children from Colombia from March to April 2021. Methods We performed a cross-sectional seroprevalence study with 80 children from Bogotá and expanded our analysis by comparing results with an independent observational study of 82 children from the Wiwa community living in the north-eastern Colombian territories. Antibody IgG titers towards SARS-CoV-2 and the endemic coronaviruses as well as ACE2 binding inhibition as a proxy for neutralization towards several SARS-CoV-2 variants were analyzed using two multiplex-based immunoassays. Results While we find seroprevalence estimates of 21.3% in children from Bogotá, seroprevalence is higher with 34.1% in Wiwa children. We observe a robust induction of antibodies towards the surface-exposed spike protein, its S1-, S2- and receptor-binding-subdomains in all SARS-CoV-2 seropositive children. Only nucleocapsid-specific IgG is significantly lower in the indigenous participants. ACE2 binding inhibition is low for all SARS-CoV-2 variants examined. We observe a dominance of NL63 S1 IgG levels in urban and indigenous children which suggests an early exposure to this respiratory virus independent of living conditions and geographic location. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity does not correlate with antibody levels towards any of the four endemic coronaviruses indicating the absence of cross-protective immunity. Conclusions Overall, antibody titers, but in particular ACE2 binding inhibition are low within Colombian samples, requiring further investigation to determine any potential clinical significance.

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Increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection among indigenous people living in the urban area of Manaus

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among indigenous populations of the Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among indigenous populations of the Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study

Seroprevalence Of SARS-COV-2 infection in asymptomatic indigenous from the largest Brazilian periurban area

Humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses in urban and indigenous children in Colombia

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