Increases in Human Epidermal DR+CD1+, DR+CD1-CD36+, and DR-CD3+ Cells in Allergic Versus Irritant Patch Test Responses

Gerberick, G Frank; Rheins, Lawrence A.; Ryan, Cindy A.; Ridder, Gregg M.; Haren, M. A. C. Van; Miller, C. M.; Oelrich, D M; Bargen, E von

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12395694

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A similar epidermal depletion of LCs has also been found in previous immunohistochemical evaluations with MHC class II or CD1 labelling [13,17] and in cytochemical assessments with ATPase staining [6]. However, other studies have shown a slight increase in DR + /CD1 + LCs in allergen patch-tested subjects [2,15]. This discrepancy can as yet not be explained, but the different results may be a consequence of the sampling and enumeration methods applied, of the time points examined, and especially of the severity of the induced allergic skin reaction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Turnover and kinetics of epidermal langerhans cells and their dendritic precursor cells in experimental contact dermatitis

Kolde

1996

Arch Dermatol Res

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The numerical density of epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) in contact sensitivity and toxic contact dermatitis is still a matter of controversy, mainly due to changes in the phenotypic markers of this antigen-presenting cell during the skin reactions. Since the electron microscopic detection of Birbeck granules is the most reliable marker for the identification of normal and pathologically altered LCs, we performed an ultrastructural-morphometric time-course analysis to evaluate their epidermal turnover in the earskin of BALB/c mice after painting the ears with the hapten 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene and the irritant croton oil. The counts revealed degeneration and depletion of epidermal LCs in both allergic and toxic dermatitis. In contrast, a slightly increased number of activated epidermal LCs was found during contact sensitization. All experimental procedures resulted in an enhanced immigration of so-called indeterminate dendritic cells which also became ultrastructurally activated and often showed Birbeck granule-like formations at their cell membrane. Immunohistochemistry with the monoclonal antibody 4F7, a new marker for dendritic precursor cells of LCs, demonstrated a significant increase in these accessory cells in the epidermis. Our results indicate that contact sensitivity and toxic skin reactions are characterized by complex but distinct changes in the turnover, kinetics and cellular properties of epidermal LCs and their dendritic precursor cells.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Turnover and kinetics of epidermal langerhans cells and their dendritic precursor cells in experimental contact dermatitis

Kolde

1996

Arch Dermatol Res

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“…Some investigators have employed various bioengineering methods for attempting to quantify IRs (17). Differences in cytokine profiles between IR and true allergic responses have been demonstrated (18), but many features that were thought previously unique to the allergic response have also be seen in the IR, meaning that an actual distinction between the two could be argued as conceptual rather than actual (19). In practice, clinicians will continue to rely on a combination of morphology, time-course, and knowledge of allergens to differentiate between an IR and a true allergic reaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A double‐blind, randomized assessment of the irritant potential of sunscreen chemical dilutions used in photopatch testing*

et al. 2009

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“…[6][7][8][9] It has been reported that NA and SLS can cause increased epidermal cell proliferation. 4,6 Experimental NA irritation has been shown to decrease numbers of epidermal LCs [10][11][12][13][14] and to decrease dendrite length. 10,11 SLS also variably affects LCs in experimental irritant reactions with decreased cell numbers, 15 increased epidermal cell numbers, 16 decreased dendrite length 10 or minor differences 17 all being reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidermal Langerhans cell apoptosis is inducedin vivoby nonanoic acid but not by sodium lauryl sulphate

Forsey

Shahidullah

Sands

et al. 1998

British Journal of Dermatology

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Exposure to irritants may cause chronic irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), characterized by irregular epidermal thickening and a predominantly dermal mononuclear cell infiltrate. The mechanisms involved, and why only certain individuals are affected, are not clearly understood. Different irritants may trigger different cellular and molecular interactions between resident skin cells and recruited inflammatory cells. In some individuals these interactions may become self-perpetuating resulting in persistent inflammation in the absence of continued exposure. This study examined Langerhans cell (LC) density in clinically normal skin of 46 patients with chronic ICD and 10 healthy individuals, and compared the action of the two irritants nonanoic acid (NA) and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) on the LCs and keratinocytes of clinically normal skin in patients with chronic ICD. There was a higher number of LCs/mm basement membrane in patients compared with controls, although there was no difference in the number of dendrites/LC nor in dendrite length. SLS induced keratinocyte proliferation after 48 h exposure, had no effect on LC number or distribution, and induced keratinocyte apoptosis after 24 and 48 h exposure. In contrast, NA decreased keratinocyte proliferation after 24 h exposure but this returned to basal levels after 48 h, and induced epidermal cell apoptosis after only 6 h exposure. NA dramatically decreased LC number after 24 and 48 h exposure, which was accompanied by basal redistribution and decreased dendrite length. Most significantly, NA induced apoptosis in over half of the LCs present after 24 and 48 h exposure.

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Increases in Human Epidermal DR+CD1+, DR+CD1-CD36+, and DR-CD3+ Cells in Allergic Versus Irritant Patch Test Responses

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Turnover and kinetics of epidermal langerhans cells and their dendritic precursor cells in experimental contact dermatitis

Turnover and kinetics of epidermal langerhans cells and their dendritic precursor cells in experimental contact dermatitis

A double‐blind, randomized assessment of the irritant potential of sunscreen chemical dilutions used in photopatch testing*

Epidermal Langerhans cell apoptosis is inducedin vivoby nonanoic acid but not by sodium lauryl sulphate

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