Increasing Binding Efficiency via Reporter Shape and Flux in a Viral Nanoparticle Lateral-Flow Assay

Kim, Jinsu; Vu, Binh; Kourentzi, Katerina; Willson, Richard C.; Conrad, Jacinta C.

doi:10.1021/acsami.6b15728

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Capture-based detection: The limited host ranges of phages towards a given genus, species or subspecies of bacteria make them ideal candidates for development into detection bio-probes. ( A ) The high binding affinity of whole-phage particles has led to their use as bio-probes in biosensors [ 28 , 29 , 30 ], or by conjugation with radioactive tracers [ 43 ] fluorophores [ 44 ], magnetic nanoparticles [ 31 , 45 ] or a combination of both [ 46 ] to label and enrich bacteria for detection. ( B ) Host specificity of phages is mediated by specialized receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) that provide equivalent binding capabilities as whole phages, but at a fraction of the size.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Reporter Phage-Based Detection of Bacterial Pathogens: Design Guidelines and Recent Developments

Meile

Kilcher

Loessner

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Fast and reliable detection of bacterial pathogens in clinical samples, contaminated food products, and water supplies can drastically improve clinical outcomes and reduce the socio-economic impact of disease. As natural predators of bacteria, bacteriophages (phages) have evolved to bind their hosts with unparalleled specificity and to rapidly deliver and replicate their viral genome. Not surprisingly, phages and phage-encoded proteins have been used to develop a vast repertoire of diagnostic assays, many of which outperform conventional culture-based and molecular detection methods. While intact phages or phage-encoded affinity proteins can be used to capture bacteria, most phage-inspired detection systems harness viral genome delivery and amplification: to this end, suitable phages are genetically reprogrammed to deliver heterologous reporter genes, whose activity is typically detected through enzymatic substrate conversion to indicate the presence of a viable host cell. Infection with such engineered reporter phages typically leads to a rapid burst of reporter protein production that enables highly sensitive detection. In this review, we highlight recent advances in infection-based detection methods, present guidelines for reporter phage construction, outline technical aspects of reporter phage engineering, and discuss some of the advantages and pitfalls of phage-based pathogen detection. Recent improvements in reporter phage construction and engineering further substantiate the potential of these highly evolved nanomachines as rapid and inexpensive detection systems to replace or complement traditional diagnostic approaches.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Reporter Phage-Based Detection of Bacterial Pathogens: Design Guidelines and Recent Developments

Meile

Kilcher

Loessner

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…Though these porous membranes lay the foundation of LFAs, not much is known about the effect of storage conditions on the characteristic properties of these membranes. The field of research on LFA development has been blooming over the years to improve the performance of LFA testing(4) by incorporating design changes (5)(6)(7)(8), improving reaction kinetics and reaction chemistry (9)(10)(11), and improving detection labels (12)(13)(14). But the rate at which research groups utilize paper membranes, which form the backbone of LFAs, is very low and that leads to substantially long storage times for these membranes under varying lab conditions.…”

Section: Figure 1 Schematic Of the Lateral Flow Immunoassay Stripmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of storage conditions on the performance of nitrocellulose test strips used in lateral flow assays

Kaur

Kaimal

Toley

2021

Preprint

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The effect of long-term storage of membrane materials on the performance of lateral flow assays (LFAs) has never been studied. We experimentally examined the impact of common lab storage conditions on the performance of different types of membrane materials typically used to fabricate LFAs, e.g. cellulose source pads, glass fiber conjugate pads, and nitrocellulose test membranes. Changes in flow properties, protein affinity, fluid imbibition/hydrophobicity, and LFA signal development were measured after storage under varied temperatures, humidity levels, and light and particulate matter exposure, for 1, 2 and 7 months. At the end of 7 months, the lateral imbibition rates decreased by 6±0.41x for nitrocellulose membranes exposed to light and dust, and 4.5±1.15x for nitrocellulose membranes stored at 37°C, in comparison to control membranes. These results shed light upon the significant shift in performance parameters of diagnostic membranes with long term storage.

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“…The benefits of oriented binding of antibodies to magnetic nanoparticles through modification of antibodies' carbohydrate components were shown by Puertas et al using the example of LFIA for choriogonadotropin [46]. A comparison of methods of immobilization for receptors in bacteriophage-based LFIA is given in the works of Kim et al [47,48]. In particular, article [48] discussed the use of in vivo-biotinylated peptide for oriented immobilization of receptor molecules on a test strip.…”

Section: Proper Receptor For Lfiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ways to Reach Lower Detection Limits of Lateral Flow Immunoassays

Zherdev¹,

Dzantiev²

2018

Rapid Test - Advances in Design, Format and Diagnostic Applications

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This chapter considers factors influencing sensitivity of lateral flow immunoassay and modern developments that are focused on reaching lower detection limits. The existing variety of proposed approaches is classified in accordance with the "big five rules" for these assays, including proper sample, receptor, interaction, response, and output. The solutions for rapid extraction of target analytes and preventing negative influence of extractants are considered. Role to antibodies affinity and specificity is characterized. Potential of alternate bioreceptor molecules is discussed. Immunoreactants' compositions, concentrations, and locations on the test strip are characterized as factors determining assay parameters. The existing variety of labels is compared in terms of their optical and alternate registration. Tools to modulate a sequence of analytical reactions and to form aggregates of the detected labels are considered. The discussed approaches are illustrated through developments of test strips for detection of mycotoxins, veterinary drugs, and other analytes.The overall design of the immunochromatographic test strip is shown in Figure 1. It is a composite of several membranes of different structures and porosities, fixed on a support. The bundling of the test strip can vary, so it makes sense to consider its design based on what analytical tasks are being performed on its different sites.A. Typically, the lower portion of the test strip contains a sample pad. It ensures the absorption of sample components, in which the presence of the target analyte is checked.B. The following is a section with immunoreagents that are washed out during the analysis and move upward along with the components of the sample. As a rule, a conjugate pad forms this zone. It contains a conjugate of antibodies against the target analyte with a nanodispersed label-particles of colored latex, colloidal gold, and so on.The next two sections are located on the main working membrane of the test strip. C.First, there is a zone along which the movement of the absorbed components of the sample and the washed immunoreagents continues. During this movement, immune reactions occur, and specific intermolecular complexes are formed. D.Next, a mixture of reacted and unreacted molecules enters the binding area with immobilized immunoreagents. Depending on whether the target analyte was present in the sample and in what amount, binding of labeled immune complexes occurs in certain areas (in the traditional case, with the formation of narrow colored lines). Usually, additional reagents are located here to control the functionality of the test system. E. The upper part of the test strip with the final pad, usually structurally similar to the sample pad, ensures the further movement of the reaction mixture under the action of capillary forces and the washing of unreacted components from the underlying areas. These processes allow the label's binding to be evaluated correctly.Membrane components of the test strip are fixed on a plastic support and partia...

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Increasing Binding Efficiency via Reporter Shape and Flux in a Viral Nanoparticle Lateral-Flow Assay

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Reporter Phage-Based Detection of Bacterial Pathogens: Design Guidelines and Recent Developments

Reporter Phage-Based Detection of Bacterial Pathogens: Design Guidelines and Recent Developments

Effect of storage conditions on the performance of nitrocellulose test strips used in lateral flow assays

Ways to Reach Lower Detection Limits of Lateral Flow Immunoassays

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