“…For example, contingency management has been used to reinforce adherence to prescription and non-prescription medication protocols, such as the complicated HIV antiretroviral protocol (Rosen, Dieckhaus, McMahon, Valdes, Petry, Cramer, Rounsaville, 2007; Sorenson, Haug, Delucchi, Gruber, Kletter, Batki, Tulskey, Barnett, Hall, 2007) and nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation (Hanson, Allen, Jensen, Hatsukami, 2003; Mooney, Babb, Jensen, Hatsukami, 2005). Furthermore, contingency management has also been applied to behavior associated with promoting general health, such as increasing engagement in exercise regimens (Epstein, McKenzie, Valoski, Klein, Wing, 1994; Dapcich-Miura and Hovell, 1979), facilitating adherence with prescribed diets (Epstein et al, 1994; Dapcich-Miura and Hovell, 1979), encouraging behavior necessary to control diabetes (Duvinsky, Jacobs, Foy, 1987; Lowe and Lutzker, 1979), and establishing consistent monitoring of lung capacity by asthmatic children and adolescents (Burkhart, Rayens, Oakley, Abshire, and Zhang, 2007). In many of the studies mentioned, the contingencies were either applied to self-reports (Lowe and Lutzker, 1979; Mooney et al, 2005), by-products of the behavior (e.g., chewed pieces of nicotine gum; Mooney et al, 2005), or continuous monitoring via inpatient housing (Dapcich-Miura and Hovell, 1979; Duvinsky, Jacobs, and Foy, 1987).…”