Increasing Compressed Gas Energy Storage Density Using CO2–N2 Gas Mixture

Abu-Heiba, Ahmad; Ally, Moonis R.; Smith, Brennan T.; Momen, Ayyoub Mehdizadeh

doi:10.3390/en13102431

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The storage needs to be sized to provide a predetermined power rating for on-demand energy, as illustrated in [71,83,171] for a given autonomy and not long-term storage like utility-scale types. The optimization of CAES to meet requirements of behindthe-meter applications will require the problems of low RTE and energy density values to be solved [177]. Pressure and speed controllers for load governors can be replaced or better improved with power electronic ancillaries for effective power and efficiency tracking [87].…”

Section: Behind-the-meter Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressed Air Energy Storage as a Battery Energy Storage System for Various Application Domains: A Review

Fajinmi,

Munda,

Hamam

et al. 2023

Energies

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The recent increase in the use of carbonless energy systems have resulted in the need for reliable energy storage due to the intermittent nature of renewables. Among the existing energy storage technologies, compressed-air energy storage (CAES) has significant potential to meet techno-economic requirements in different storage domains due to its long lifespan, reasonable cost, and near-zero self-decay. When viewed as a battery system, the key performance metrics of CAES, like energy density (ED), round trip efficiency (RTE), and the depth of discharge (DoD), have poor values when compared with other battery technologies in similar domains. This prevents CAES from transitioning to a state-of-the-art form of energy storage. This paper reviews the transition of CAES concepts from carbonized to carbonless types of CAES, along with different single-objective optimization strategies and their effects on the overall system’s performance. It was discovered that competing performance metrics attributes cause single-objective optimization to have trade-offs that worsen at least one other preferred metric. The topology limitations of the generic CAES design were noted to prevent its use in different domains. To ensure that the optimal convergence of subsystem parameters is retained during charging and discharging periods, a suitable topology and subunit combinations for different domains are necessary. Possible options for solving these problems are identified so that the effects of the trade-offs imposed by optimization are either suppressed or eliminated.

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Section: Behind-the-meter Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressed Air Energy Storage as a Battery Energy Storage System for Various Application Domains: A Review

Fajinmi,

Munda,

Hamam

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…This loss of available energy negatively affects the economics of generation at such Figure 10. Within the same pressure limits, a non-condensable gas system (a) will utilize less volume than a system with condensable gas (b) (Abuheiba et al 2020)…”

Section: Executive Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed model and simulation study of the impact of using condensing fluid in GLIDES on its energy density is reported in (Abuheiba et al 2020). A proof-of-concept prototype of the condensing GLIDES configuration was built and evaluated in the laboratory.…”

Section: Condensing Glidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2.8 Despite the relatively high condensing pressure of CO2, it still may be low if energy density is of high priority. To overcome this limitation, a hybrid variation of the base configuration and the condensing GLIDES configuration was investigated analytically (Abuheiba et al 2020). In this proposed hybrid configuration, the gas being compressed is a mixture of air and CO2.…”

Section: Condensing Glidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pumped Storage Hydropower Augmented with Pressurized Air: The Ground-Level Integrated Diverse Energy Storage (GLIDES) System

heiba

Kassaee

Chen³

et al. 2022

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vi facilities. It is expected that integration of a storage system with a hydropower plant will provide value in (a) facilities challenged by hourly, daily, and seasonal requirements to pass water at inefficient or equipment damaging operating conditions; (b) run-of-river facilities in which the timing of flow and must-run generation is not revenue-optimal; and (c) power system contexts where the localized need for grid services exists due to physical grid conditions or local market conditions.Cost analysis was performed to identify large cost items. It was found that the cost of pressure vessels comprised approximately 90% of the overall hardware cost. Lower cost alternatives were investigated. It was found that pipe segments that are rated for high pressure are the lowest cost option. With pipe segment as pressure vessel, the estimated total GLIDES first hardware cost (including cost of pipe segments, cost of machinery and the cost of piping) ranges between 350 to 750 $/kWh for MW-scale GLIDES . Carbon fiber pressure vessels was second lowest option with total first hardware cost ranging between 2,000 to 3,500 $/kWh. Carbon steel vessels was the highest cost option with total first hardware cost ranging between 4,600 to 8,000 $/kWh. Other unconventional alternatives were also explored. Underground reservoirs such as depleted oil/gas reservoirs, aquifers and caverns are all potential low-cost candidates. Abandoned oil pipelines are also an option for GLIDES. The cost of a GLIDES system that uses depleted oil/gas reservoir as the high-pressure storage was estimated to be 13.6 to 136.91 $/kWh .Technoeconomic analysis was performed to demonstrate the value proposition of GLIDES. Use cases were developed for small-, medium-and large-scale GLIDES systems. Each use case was developed to explore different revenue streams. The small-scale case simulated a 20-kW GLIDES system as a local market trading electricity with both the grid and buildings with PV generation. The model found that a local market GLIDES is profitable while saving the buildings on electric utility bills. The medium-scale use case simulated a GLIDES as storage for a PV-powered EV charging station. A reduced order model to calculate the optimal capacity of a GLIDES system based on the number of charging slots and the average daily rate of EV arrival. The large-scale case simulated GLIDES integrated with 4 cascaded RoR plants in Idaho Falls, Idaho. In this use case simulation, GLIDES can provides value to the plants by allowing them to participate in the grid services market. Four GLIDES systems, 1 MW/4 hours each, were integrated to the four RoR plants. The total first hardware cost of the 4 GLIDES systems was estimated to be almost $11.5M, and a payback period as low as 5 years is possible depending on the price profile of electricity.GLIDES is currently in the commercialization stage. With a successful protype of GLIDES being operated in the laboratory, next steps include conducting an engineering study to take a deeper dive on the potential coupling ...

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Isobaric storage of compressed air: Introduction of a novel concept based on phase change materials and pressure equalizing modules

Rolland

Nitsche

Budt

et al. 2023

Journal of Energy Storage

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Increasing Compressed Gas Energy Storage Density Using CO2–N2 Gas Mixture

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Compressed Air Energy Storage as a Battery Energy Storage System for Various Application Domains: A Review

Compressed Air Energy Storage as a Battery Energy Storage System for Various Application Domains: A Review

Pumped Storage Hydropower Augmented with Pressurized Air: The Ground-Level Integrated Diverse Energy Storage (GLIDES) System

Isobaric storage of compressed air: Introduction of a novel concept based on phase change materials and pressure equalizing modules

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