Increasing Condom Use Without Reducing HIV Risk

Kajubi, Phoebe; Kamya, Moses R.; Kamya, Sarah; Chen, Sanny; McFarland, Willi; Hearst, Norman

doi:10.1097/01.qai.0000157391.63127.b2

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Campaigns mainly focusing on condom use at the population level could paradoxically lead to an increase in risky behaviors (such as the number of sexual partners), if the population perceives condoms to be absolutely safe, irrespective of specific sexual behaviors. As suggested by a recent community trial in Uganda, the overall effect of some interventions could be offset by riskier behaviors at the population level and thus hinder the targeted decrease of HIV incidence [70]. Our results are consistent with this cited paradoxical effect since the teens that falsely perceived condoms as being 100% effective were indeed more frequently sexually experienced.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Relationships, love and sexuality: what the Filipino teens think and feel

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundIn order to achieve a change among teens' sexual behavior, an important step is to improve our knowledge about their opinions concerning relationships, love and sexuality.MethodsA questionnaire including topics on relationships, love and sexuality was distributed to a target population of 4,000 Filipino students from third year high school to third year college. Participants were obtained through multi-stage sampling of clusters of universities and schools. This paper concentrates on teens aged 13 to 18.ResultsStudents reported that they obtained information about love and sexuality mainly from friends. However, they valued parents' opinion more than friends'. They revealed few conversations with their parents on these topics. A majority of them would like to have more information, mainly about emotion-related topics. Almost half of respondents were not aware that condoms are not 100% effective in preventing STIs or pregnancies. More girls, compared to boys, were sensitive and opposed to several types of sexism. After adjusting for sex, age and institution, the belief of 100% condom effectiveness and the approval of pornography and sexism were associated with being sexually experienced.ConclusionThere is room for further encouraging parents to talk more with their children about sexuality, specially aspects related to feelings and emotions in order to help them make better sexual choices. Indeed, teens wish to better communicate with their parents on these issues. Condoms are regarded as safer than what they really are by almost half of the participants of this study, and such incorrect knowledge seems to be associated with sexual initiation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Relationships, love and sexuality: what the Filipino teens think and feel

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our data also support the potential of several seroadaptive outcomes for RCTs of HIV-positive MSM to avoid transmission, including seropositioning and pure serosorting. Although doubts about the probabilities of HIV transmission through seroadaptive strategies remain, in practice condom promotion is also imperfect [32]. Future research on prevention interventions should match the realities of what MSM and other populations in the current era of the HIV pandemic are willing and able to do to reduce their risk of acquiring or transmitting infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior, Intention or Chance? A Longitudinal Study of HIV Seroadaptive Behaviors, Abstinence and Condom Use

et al. 2011

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Seroadaptive behaviors have been widely described as preventive strategies among men who have sex with men (MSM) and other populations worldwide. However, causal links between intentions to adopt seroadaptive behaviors and subsequent behavior have not been established. We conducted a longitudinal study of 732 MSM in San Francisco to assess consistency and adherence to multiple seroadaptive behaviors, abstinence and condom use, whether prior intentions predict future seroadaptive behaviors and the likelihood that observed behavioral patterns are the result of chance. Pure serosorting (i.e., having only HIV-negative partners) among HIV-negative MSM and seropositioning (i.e., assuming the receptive position during unprotected anal sex) among HIV-positive MSM were more common, more successfully adhered to and more strongly associated with prior intentions than consistent condom use. Seroconcordant partnerships occurred significantly more often than expected by chance, reducing the prevalence of serodiscordant partnerships. Having no sex was intended by the fewest MSM, yet half of HIV-positive MSM who abstained from sex at baseline also did so at 12 month follow-up. Nonetheless, no preventive strategy was consistently used by more than one-third of MSM overall and none was adhered to by more than half from baseline to follow-up. The effectiveness of seroadaptive strategies should be improved and used as efficacy endpoints in trials of behavioral prevention interventions.

show abstract

“…Anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) have been shown to reduce heterosexual transmission of HIV [1]. Male condoms can reduce the risk of HIV infection by 80-90% when used correctly and consistently [2,3] and medical male circumcision has also been shown to reduce acquisition of HIV by heterosexual men by between 38% and 64% over 24 months [4]. However, HIV/AIDS remain a major public health problem with a global estimate of 2.5 million new HIV infections in 2011 alone [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy Incidence and Risk Factors among Women Participating in Vaginal Microbicide Trials for HIV Prevention: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionPregnancy is contraindicated in vaginal microbicide trials for the prevention of HIV infection in women due to the unknown maternal and fetal safety of the microbicides. Women who become pregnant are taken off the microbicide during pregnancy period but this result in reduction of the power of the trials. Strategies to reduce the pregnancy rates require an understanding of the incidence and associated risk factors of pregnancy in microbicide trials. This systematic review estimates the overall incidence rate of pregnancy in microbicide trials and describes the associated risk factors.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was carried out to identify eligible studies from electronic databases and other sources. Two review authors independently selected studies and extracted relevant data from included studies. Meta-analysis of incidence rates of pregnancy was carried out and risk factors of pregnancy were reported narratively.ResultsFifteen studies reporting data from 10 microbicide trials (N=27,384 participants) were included. A total of 4,107 participants (15.0%) fell pregnant and a meta-analysis of incidence rates of pregnancy from 8 microbicide trials (N=25,551) yielded an overall incidence rate of 23.37 (95%CI: 17.78 to 28.96) pregnancies per 100 woman-years. However, significant heterogeneity was detected. Hormonal injectable, intra-uterine device (IUD) or implants or sterilization, older age, more years of education and condom use were associated with lower pregnancy. On the other hand, living with a man, history of pregnancy, self and partner desire for future baby, oral contraceptive use, increased number of unprotected sexual acts and inconsistent use of condoms were associated with higher pregnancy.ConclusionsThe incidence rate of pregnancy in microbicide trials is high and strategies for its reduction are urgently required in order to improve the sample size and power of these trials.

show abstract

Increasing Condom Use Without Reducing HIV Risk

Abstract: In this study, gains in condom use seem to have been offset by increases in the number of sex partners. Prevention interventions in generalized epidemics need to promote all aspects of sexual risk reduction to slow HIV transmission.

Cited by 52 publications

References 15 publications

Relationships, love and sexuality: what the Filipino teens think and feel

Relationships, love and sexuality: what the Filipino teens think and feel

Behavior, Intention or Chance? A Longitudinal Study of HIV Seroadaptive Behaviors, Abstinence and Condom Use

Pregnancy Incidence and Risk Factors among Women Participating in Vaginal Microbicide Trials for HIV Prevention: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About