Increasing extracellular matrix production in regenerating cartilage with intermittent physiological pressure

Abstract

Isolated equine chondrocytes, from juveniles and adults, were cultured in resorbable polyglycolic acid meshes for up to 5 weeks with semicontinuous feeding using a custom‐made system to intermittently compress the regenerating tissue. Assays of the tissue constructs indicate that intermittent compression at 500 and 1000 psi (3.44 and 6.87 MPa, respectively) stimulated the production of extracellular matrix, enhancing the rate of de novo chondrogenesis. Constructs derived from juvenile cells contained concentrations of extracellular matrix components at levels more like that of native tissue than did constructs derived from adult cells. With intermittent pressurization, however, even adult cells were induced to increase the production of extracellular matrix. At both levels of intermittent pressure, the concentration of sulfated glycosaminoglycan in constructs from juvenile cells was found to be up to ten times greater than concentrations in control (nonpressurized) and adult cell‐derived constructs. Whereas collagen concentrations in the 500 psi and control constructs were not significantly different for either juvenile or adult cell‐derived constructs, intermittent pressurization at 1000 psi enhanced the production of collagen, suggesting that there may be a minimum level of pressure necessary to stimulate collagen formation. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 62: 166–174, 1999.

Cyclic hydrostatic pressure promotes a stable cartilage phenotype and enhances the functional development of cartilaginous grafts engineered using multipotent stromal cells isolated from bone marrow and infrapatellar fat pad

“…Mechanical signals, such as hydrostatic pressure (HP), are a key component of the in vivo joint environment and have been shown to play a significant role in regulating the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Previous studies have shown varying and occasionally conflicting results (Parkkinen et al, 1993;Carver and Heath, 1999;Suh et al, 1999;Carver and Heath, 2000;Jortikka et al, 2000;Smith et al, 2000Smith et al, , 2005Hu and Athanasiou, 2006;Finger et al, 2007;Ogawa et al, 2009;Meyer et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2012;Maxson and Burg, 2012;Puetzer et al, 2012;Safshekan et al, 2012;Steward et al, 2012;Vinardell et al, 2012a;Steward et al, 2013), but it would appear that the application of physiological levels (3-10 MPa) of intermittent HP can enhance proteoglygan and collagen synthesis and upregulate aggrecan and collagen II mRNA expression in chondrocytes and stem/progenitor cells isolated from bone marrow, synovial tissues and adipose tissues. There is also evidence to suggest that dynamic HP can act to stabilise the phenotype of chondrogenically primed joint tissue derived MSCs (Vinardell et al, 2012a).…”

Clinical Validation of Pain Management Manipulative Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis With the Squeeze-Hold Technique: A Case Series

“…Cyclic compressive loading on articular cartilage enhances chondrocyte biosynthetic response and extracellular matrix production. [32][33][34][35][36][37] Moreover, cyclic compressive loading has chondroprotective effects. It inhibits the release of matrix metalloproteinase and proinflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.…”

Combination of baculovirus-expressed BMP-2 and rotating-shaft bioreactor culture synergistically enhances cartilage formation

“…As a result, the GAGs (933±175 mg per 10 6 cells) and collagen (436±85 mg per 10 6 cells) yield at week 3 ( Figure 6b) excelled compared to those of cartilaginous tissues cultured in other reactors for longer periods of time. [28][29][30][31] Cartilage repair can be accelerated by in vivo gene therapy, which is simple and effective. 32 However, efficient transduction of chondrocytes is hindered by the dense surrounding ECM and direct vector injection may elicit strong inflammatory responses, which interfere with the reparative process.…”