Increasing Horse Fly (Diptera: Tabanidae) Catch in Canopy Traps by Reducing Ultraviolet Light Reflectance

Hribar, Lawrence J.; Leprince, D. J.; Foil, Lane D.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/28.6.874

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Stripe width has a profound impact on attractiveness of zebras to tabanids, with attraction decreasing along with decreasing stripe width, due to disruptive patterns of reflected light polarization [40]. Spectral reflectance of visual stimuli (especially host silhouettes) is thought to be inversely related to attraction of host-seeking diurnal flies, including black flies [41] and tabanids [42]. The number of simuliids orienting and landing on silhouette traps of various reflectances was found to be greater when reflectance was lowest [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of simuliids orienting and landing on silhouette traps of various reflectances was found to be greater when reflectance was lowest [41]. Tabanid traps treated with a product that reduced ultraviolet reflectance from cloth fabrics increased the catch of tabanids in canopy traps by 24% [42]. The optimized Esperanza window trap with clear acrylic panels (nearly eliminating UV reflectance [43]) collected significantly more females than the trap with glass panels, supporting the notion that spectral reflectance is inversely related to attractiveness of a visual stimulus to black flies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Novel Trap for the Collection of Black Flies of the Simulium ochraceum Complex

et al. 2013

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BackgroundHuman landing collections are currently the standard method for collecting onchocerciasis vectors in Africa and Latin America. As part of the efforts to develop a trap to replace human landing collections for the monitoring and surveillance of onchocerciasis transmission, comprehensive evaluations of several trap types were conducted to assess their ability to collect Simulium ochraceum sensu lato, one of the principal vectors of Onchocerca volvulus in Latin America.Methodology/Principal FindingsDiverse trap designs with numerous modifications and bait variations were evaluated for their abilities to collect S. Ochraceum s.l. females. These traps targeted mostly host seeking flies. A novel trap dubbed the “Esperanza window trap” showed particular promise over other designs. When baited with CO2 and BG-lure (a synthetic blend of human odor components) a pair of Esperanza window traps collected numbers of S. Ochraceum s.l. females similar to those collected by a team of vector collectors.Conclusions/SignificanceThe Esperanza window trap, when baited with chemical lures and CO2 can be used to collect epidemiologically significant numbers of Simulium ochraceum s.l., potentially serving as a replacement for human landing collections for evaluation of the transmission of O. volvulus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Trap for the Collection of Black Flies of the Simulium ochraceum Complex

et al. 2013

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“…This was implied by higher catches of several types of Diptera with adhesive film present in the comparison of techniques in Kenya. Tabanids are particularly sensitive to the specular reflectance of polarized light (Kriska et al , 2008), and also to ultraviolet reflectance (Hribar et al , 1991). The Rentokil product, like other sticky materials, is shiny and not perfectly transparent; it also contains an ultraviolet absorbent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alighting of Tabanidae and muscids on natural and simulated hosts in the Sudan

Mohamed-Ahmed

Mihok²

2009

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Alighting of horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) and non-biting muscids (Diptera: Muscidae) was studied at Khartoum, Sudan, using black cylindrical models mimicking a goat, calf and cow. Flies were intercepted by attaching electrocution grids or clear adhesive film to models. Alighting sites and defensive behaviour were also documented on hosts through observation. Female Tabanus sufis (Jennicke), T. taeniola (Palisot) and Atylotus agrestis (Wiedemann) were the main tabanids captured. Muscids landed in equal numbers on all sizes of models. They had a strong preference for the upper portions of both models and hosts. Landings of T. taeniola and A. agrestis increased with model size, but not so for T. sufis. T. taeniola and A. agrestis scarcely alighted on the legs of models whereas 60-78% of T. sufis did so. Landings of T. sufis on artificial legs did not vary with model size. Landings of all tabanids on the lower and upper portions of a model increased with model size. For both hosts and models, most tabanids (88-98%) alighted on the lower half and legs. Most muscids (63-89%) alighted on the upper half. Landing of tabanids on the cow was 34.9 and 69.3 times greater than that on the calf and goat, respectively. These results are discussed in relation to strategies for the control of blood-sucking flies associated with farm animals using either insecticide-treated live baits or their mimics.

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“…Also, their continuous annoyance of livestock prevents grazing: horses cannot be ridden and the meat and milk production of cattle is drastically reduced (Hunter and Moorhouse, 1976;Harris et al, 1987;Lehane, 2005). Several different trap types have been developed to reduce the number of tabanids (Malaise, 1937;Gressitt and Gressitt, 1962;Wilson et al, 1966;Catts, 1970;Roberts, 1977;von Kniepert, 1979;Hayakawa, 1980;Wall and Doane, 1980;Hribar et al, 1991Hribar et al, , 1992Moore et al, 1996;Mihok, 2002). There are three main kinds of conventional tabanid traps: (i) flight interception traps, (ii) chemically baited canopy traps, and (iii) optically baited canopy traps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Tabanid Polarotaxis, Host-Tabanid Interaction and Polarization Tabanid Traps

Egri¹

2014

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reduce the polarized light pollution induced by man-made surfaces, especially solar panels. The solar panels and other polarizing surfaces lose their attractiveness to polarotactic insects, if they are fragmented by a white non-polarizing grid. This method of reducing polarized light pollution has been "discovered" in the nature by zebras. The zebra is one of the most exotic animals thanks to its mysterious striped pattern. There are several experimentally unconfirmed explanations, which were thoroughly discussed and criticized by Ruxton (2002) and Caro (2009), for example. In the fifth chapter I propose a new, experimentally supported explanation for the evolutionary advantage of zebra stripes by showing that the striped pattern is beneficial against blood-sucking tabanids. On the following few pages I present a brief

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Increasing Horse Fly (Diptera: Tabanidae) Catch in Canopy Traps by Reducing Ultraviolet Light Reflectance

Abstract: Application of UV Killer, a commercially available product which reduced ultraviolet reflectance from cloth fabrics, increased the catch of tabanids in canopy traps by 24% and in CO2-baited traps by 30%. Catch decreased as ultraviolet reflectance increased during the experiment.

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Development of a Novel Trap for the Collection of Black Flies of the Simulium ochraceum Complex

Development of a Novel Trap for the Collection of Black Flies of the Simulium ochraceum Complex

Alighting of Tabanidae and muscids on natural and simulated hosts in the Sudan

Experimental Study of Tabanid Polarotaxis, Host-Tabanid Interaction and Polarization Tabanid Traps

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