Increasing Incidence of Cutaneous Melanoma in Queensland, Australia

MacLennan, Robert; Green, A. C.; McLeod, G. R. C.; Martin, Nicholas

doi:10.1093/jnci/84.18.1427

Cited by 242 publications

(116 citation statements)

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“…In a populationbased study of melanoma cases from Queensland, Australia, Aitken et al (1999) estimated that just 0.2% of all melanoma cases are caused by CDKN2A mutations. Given that the lifetime risk of developing melanoma in Queensland is approximately 1 : 15-1 : 20 (MacLennan et al, 1992) this can be extrapolated to impute that B1 : 10 000 of the general population of Queensland are germline CDKN2A mutation carriers. Even population-based series of young melanoma patients have shown a very low frequency of CDKN2A mutations.…”

Section: Cdkn2amentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of melanoma predisposition

2003

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Section: Cdkn2amentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of melanoma predisposition

2003

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“…Australia has the highest incidence of melanoma in the world, with the highest regional incidence in the State of Queensland (MacLennan et al, 1992). Atypical naevi and large numbers of common naevi are the most powerful predictors for an increased risk of melanoma, with significant relative risks shown in Australia (Holman and Armstrong, 1984a) as well as Sweden, Denmark, UK, Canada, USA and France (Holly et al, 1987;Osterlind et al, 1988;Augustsson et al, 1991;Gallagher et al, 1990; Grob et al, 1990;Bataille et al, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between naevi and melanoma in populations with different levels of sun exposure: a joint case-control study of melanoma in the UK and Australia

Bataille¹,

Grulich²,

Sasieni³

et al. 1998

Br J Cancer

102

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Summary Two case-control studies were set up to investigate the relationship between melanocytic naevi and risk of melanoma and to compare the naevus phenotype in two countries exposed to greatly different levels of sun exposure and different melanoma rates. In England 117 melanoma cases and 163 controls were recruited from the North-East Thames Region and 183 melanoma cases and 162 controls from New South Wales, Australia. Each subject underwent a whole-body naevus count performed by the same examiner in each country. Relative risks associated with melanocytic naevi in each country were calculated with comparison of naevus data in controls between Australia and England. Atypical naevi were strong risk factors for melanoma in both countries: the odds ratio (OR) for three or more atypical naevi was 4.6 (95% Cl 2.0-10.7) in Australia compared with 51.7 (95% Cl 6.5-408.4) in England. Common naevi were also significant risk factors in Australia and England with similar odds ratios in the two countries. Prevalence of atypical naevi was greater in Australian controls than in English controls: OR 9.7 (95% Cl 1.2-81.7) for three or more atypical naevi in Australia compared with England. For young age groups, the median number of common naevi was greater in Australia than in the UK, whereas for older individuals this difference in naevi number between the two countries disappeared. The prevalence of naevi on non-sun-exposed sites in controls was not significantly different between the two countries. The atypical mole syndrome (AMS) phenotype was more prevalent in Australian controls (6%) than in English controls (2%). The results of this study support the role of sun exposure in the induction of atypical naevi in adults. There was a trend towards stronger risk factors associated with atypical naevi in England compared with Australia. The atypical mole syndrome, usually associated with a genetic susceptibility to melanoma, was more common in Australia than in England, suggesting genetic environmental interactions with the possibility of phenocopies induced by sunlight.

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“…These factors notwithstanding, several reports of upward trends in mortality and incidence rates of CMM, BCC, SCC and other skin neoplasms have been published, especially from the Australasian Continent (Giles et al, 1989;Brown and Palmer, 1991;Cooke, 1992;Jones et al, 1992;McCredie et al, 1992;MacLennan et al, 1992;Burton et al, 1993), the US (Glass and Hoover, 1989;Ries et al, 1991;Dennis et al, 1993), and Europe (Levi et al, 1988;Osterlind et al, 1988;Magnus, 1991;Mackie et al, 1992;Nelemans et al, 1993), including southern Europe (Franceschi et al, 1992;Pollan and Lopez Abente, 1993;Franceschi et al, 1994). Data on time trends in the occurrence of BCC and SCC, especially population-based data, are much scantier (Levi et al, 1988;Gallagher et al, 1990;Coebergh et al, 1991;Magnus, 1991;Kaldor et al, 1993;Marks et al, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of skin cancer in the Canton of Vaud, 1976-92

Levi

Franceschi²,

Te³

et al. 1995

Br J Cancer

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Summary Trends in incidence and mortality for basal cell carcinomas (BCC), squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) for the period 1976-92 were analysed using data from the Cancer Registry of the Swiss Canton of Vaud. Among the 12 473 cases registered, 63% were basal cell carcinomas, 25% squamous cell cancers, 9% cutaneous malignant melanomas and 3% other miscellaneous histological types. Age-standardised incidence rates increased substantially for all histological types considered, from 44% increase for BCC in males to a more than 3-fold increase for SCC in females, with only signs of a levelling off in 1991-92, following a peak of incidence rates in 1986-90. From 1976-80 to 1991-92 CMM incidence increased by approximately 80% in both sexes. In 1991-92, age-standardised (world) incidence rates per 100 000 were 69.3 for basal cell, 29.1 for squamous cell cancers and 11.5 for melanomas in males, and, respectively, 62.2, 18.0 and 12.3 in females. With respect to mortality, in males rates increased for both non-melanocytic cancer (> 40%) and CMM (> 53 % ) whereas in females CMM, BCC and SCC rates remained approximately stable over the calendar periods examined. In 1991-92, age-standardised mortality rates per 100 000 were 2.6 for melanoma and 0.7 for other skin cancers in males, and, respectively, 1.6 and 0.2 in females. Upward trends in incidence were also present, and relatively homogeneous across, various age groups examined. However, SCC and CMM levelled off over the last period, and some decline was apparent in males below age 45. Separate analysis by anatomical site showed substantial increases in the head and neck for SCC and BCC, and in the trunk for CMM. In 1991-92, middle-aged women had almost equalled male incidence rates of BCC and SCC. A female excess of CMM incidence seemed to have disappeared since 1981-86. The increase in skin cancer incidence thus continued in this population up to the late 1980s, with a plateau only after 1990.

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Increasing Incidence of Cutaneous Melanoma in Queensland, Australia

Abstract: A better understanding is needed of the causes of melanoma and of the complex relationships between constitutional factors, ambient UV radiation, and sun-exposure behavior.

Cited by 242 publications

References 1 publication

Genetics of melanoma predisposition

Genetics of melanoma predisposition

The association between naevi and melanoma in populations with different levels of sun exposure: a joint case-control study of melanoma in the UK and Australia

Trends of skin cancer in the Canton of Vaud, 1976-92

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