Increasing incidence of HIV‐ associated tuberculosis in Romanian injecting drug users

Oprea, Cristiana; Ianache, Irina; Calistru, Petre Iacob; Nica, Maria; Ruță, Simona; Smith, Colette; Lipman, Marc

doi:10.1111/hiv.12576

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Free pre-test counseling regarding opt-in, HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBC), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are generally offered in Romania, and, generally, these actions are perceived by the people as knowledge gained regarding transmission [13]. The main diseases associated with HIV infection in Romania are wasting syndrome, pulmonary tuberculosis, and HIV encephalopathy [14]. A small percentage of HIV-associated diseases are represented by malignancies [15], such as AIDS-related cancers (such as Kaposi Sarcoma-KS; non-Hodgkin lymphoma-NHL; invasive cervical cancer) or non-AIDS-related cancers (such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic, and brain cancer).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A View of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections in the North-West Region of Romania

et al. 2019

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Background and Objectives: In Romania, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is almost the same as it is in Central Europe, with some differences; particularity the following one: people with nosocomial HIV infection, also known as Romanian cohort. Aim: The study aimed to present a local view of HIV infection in the North-West part of Romania, and to identify the particularities of patients under medical care in the Cluj AIDS Center. Materials and Methods: The demographic characteristics (age and gender), and medical and epidemiological data (stage of HIV infection and mode of transmission) of patients in a medical care in the Cluj Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Center were evaluated. Data from the first patients admitted between 1989 and 2018, and the statuses of the infected persons as per 31 December 2018 were analyzed. Results: Nine hundred and fourteen patients were included in the study. The patients’ ages varied from 0 (newborns from HIV-infected mothers) to 72 years old, and most patients were men (596 men vs. 318 women). The main mode of transmission was sexual (>50%), with an increased number of men who have sex with men (MSM) in the last years (from two cases in 2006 to thirty-four cases in 2018), and a very small percentage of intravenous drug users (IDU; <1%). The patients from the Romanian cohort were more frequently women as compared with men (p-value <0.0001), women were more frequently later presenters than men (p-value <0.0001), and the women more frequently had candidosis (p-value = 0.0372), cerebral toxoplasmosis (p-value = 0.0404), and co-infection with hepatitis B virus (p-value = 0.0018). One hundred and sixty patients died by the end of 2018 (17.5%). Sixty-eight children had been born from HIV-infected mothers, and 17 were HIV infected (25%). Conclusion: The main mode of HIV transmission in our sample was sexual, with an increased number of MSM over the last years and a low number of cases of intravenous drug users. A quarter of children borne from HIV-infected mothers were HIV infected.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A View of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections in the North-West Region of Romania

et al. 2019

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“…HCV and HIV were spread rapidly among Romanian IDUs, secondary to the dynamics on the illegal drugs market characterized by the significant increase of NPS use. Being more affordable comparing to heroin, a high number of IDUs tried to get free of the addiction to opioids, by switching to NPS use, but failed and became addicted to both drugs (3). Ethnobotanical drugs are cathinone derived and have psychoactive effects similar to those produced by amphetamines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to opioids, new psychoactive drugs (NPS), locally known as "ethnobotanicals", were frequently used, being cheaper and therefore more affordable for most injecting drug users. These drugs are highly addictive and have a short life time, requiring up to 10-20 administrations per day (1,3,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was also a risk factor for dissemination of new HCV genotypes (different from 1b) in the general population, with lower rates of response to treatment with. In addition, it is a well-known fact that HIV/HCV co-infection is associated with accelerated liver fibrosis and higher rates of hepatic decompensations, comparing to HCV-mono-infection (1,(3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2019

Ro J Infect Dis.

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“…HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C). 13,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33] It has been highlighted that this at-risk population requires the development of mobile provision with rapid test results for TB diagnosis, care and treatment. 34 Moreover, there are very few data on the use of molecular diagnostic testing, such as Genexpert (Xpert MTB/RIF®) in hardto-reach populations, even though WHO has recommended since 2011 that the test should be used as the initial diagnostic test in individuals suspected of having drug-resistant TB or HIV-associated TB.…”

Section: Overview Of Tuberculosis and Its Links To Drug Use: Epidemiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis among people who use drugs in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Human Rights Documents Online

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their commitment to combating tuberculosis. It is our sincere hope that this report on people who use drugs (PWUD) who live in precarious situations in Abidjan will contribute to making their voices heard in their fight against this disease. We would also like to thank all the actors involved in day-today activities in the field: the facilitators and peer educators of Médecins du Monde-Doctors of the World (MdM), the HIV community counsellors, MdM's harm reduction team, the laboratory technicians, the Côte d'Ivoire National Tuberculosis Centre and the radiography technicians.

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Increasing incidence of HIV‐ associated tuberculosis in Romanian injecting drug users

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is an increasing problem in HIV-infected IDUs in Romania. Presentation is often with advanced HIV, significant TB drug resistance and consequent outcomes are poor.

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

A View of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections in the North-West Region of Romania

A View of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections in the North-West Region of Romania

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Tuberculosis among people who use drugs in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

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