Increasing Incidence of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Taiwan, 2000–2008

Lai, Chih Cheng; Tan, Che-Kim; Chou, Chien Hong; Hsu, Hsiao Leng; Liao, Chun-Hsing; Huang, Yu-Tsung; Yang, Pan‐Chyr; Luh, Kwen Tay; Hsueh, Po-Ren

doi:10.3201/eid1602.090675

Cited by 242 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This finding implies that the prevalence of PNT-MD as a chronic infection is estimated to be much higher than that of TB. We assume that the high rates of PNTMD in Japan are consistent with data suggesting that Asians are particularly susceptible to PNTMD (1,7,8). Other factors contributing to the increase might be the simplified diagnosis according to the 2007 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America statements, increased awareness by medical staff, population aging, and increased frequency of medical checkups with computed tomography of the chest.…”

supporting

confidence: 75%

The Epidemiology of Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease in Japan

Namkoong

Kurashima

Morimoto

et al. 2017

Respiratory Infections

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supporting

confidence: 75%

The Epidemiology of Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease in Japan

Namkoong

Kurashima

Morimoto

et al. 2017

Respiratory Infections

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“…T he rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA from respiratory specimens and the ability to differentiate M. tuberculosis complex from nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are important for the early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and the prompt use of adequate antibiotics (1)(2)(3). The direct detection of M. tuberculosis complex DNA by PCR-based assays has become an important part of the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Cobas TaqMan MTB Test for the Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex According to Acid-Fast-Bacillus Smear Grades in Respiratory Specimens

et al. 2015

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We evaluated the performance of the Cobas TaqMan MTB test (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland), stratified by acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear grades. The sensitivity of this test in smear-positive specimens was >95% in all grades, while that in trace and negative specimens was 85.3% and 34.4%, respectively. T he rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA from respiratory specimens and the ability to differentiate M. tuberculosis complex from nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are important for the early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and the prompt use of adequate antibiotics (1-3). The direct detection of M. tuberculosis complex DNA by PCR-based assays has become an important part of the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis (4). Numerous molecular assays for the rapid detection of M. tuberculosis complex DNA have been developed. The Cobas TaqMan MTB test (Cobas MTB test) (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland) is one of the most widely used realtime PCR assays. It uses TaqMan hydrolysis probes and primers that bind to a highly conserved and specific region of the 16S rRNA sequence.Recently, various rates of detection by different PCR methods, based by smear grade, were noted (5-7). The aim of this study was to investigate whether this observation extends to the Cobas MTB test and to investigate its diagnostic accuracy when stratified by acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear grades.This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Seoul, South Korea, and was approved by the institutional review board of that hospital. A total of 6,852 Cobas MTB test results for respiratory specimens from April 2013 to June 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Microbiological tests, including AFB smear and mycobacterial culture, were simultaneously performed for all specimens.The respiratory specimens were processed with 2% N-acetyl-Lcysteine-sodium hydroxide (NALC-NaOH), followed by centrifugation at 3,000 ϫ g for 20 min. The AFB smears were performed with an auramine-rhodamine fluorescent stain and subsequently confirmed by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The staining results were graded according to the American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (ATS/CDC) guidelines, as follows (8): no AFB seen, no bacilli in 300 fields; trace, 1 to 2 bacilli in 300 fields; 1ϩ, 1 to 9 bacilli in 100 fields; 2ϩ, 1 to 9 bacilli in 10 fields; 3ϩ, 1 to 9 bacilli in 1 field; and 4ϩ, Ͼ9 bacilli in 1 field. The specimens with the no AFB seen and trace grades were defined as smear negative, and those graded 1ϩ to 4ϩ were defined as smear positive. All patient specimens were cultured on both solid and liquid medium for 6 weeks. The positive cultures were confirmed by both the presence of cord formation and by MPT64 antigen testing (SD Bioline TB Ag MPT64 rapid assay; Standard Diagnostics, Inc., Yongin, South Korea). If any of these tests yielded a negative result, an rpoB-specific PCR test using the MTB-ID V3 kit (YD Diagnostics, Yongin, South Korea) was performed to differentiate between M. tuberculosis and NTM. The Cobas...

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“…Recently, the prevalence of clinical infections caused by NTM has continued to increase throughout the world [13][14][15]. Furthermore, the emergence of infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis continues to expand throughout the world [30][31][32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slowly growing NTM, including M. avium-M. intracellulare complex (MAC), Mycobacterium kansasii, and M. marinum, have been implicated in a variety of different human diseases, including pulmonary disease [5][6][7][8], as well as disseminated disease in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, including those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) [9][10][11][12]. In recent years, the prevalence of clinical infections caused by these NTM has continued to increase throughout the world [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid susceptibility testing for slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria using a colorimetric microbial viability assay based on the reduction of water-soluble tetrazolium WST-1

Tsukatani

Suenaga

Shiga

et al. 2015

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Rapid susceptibility testing for slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) using a colorimetric microbial viability assay based on the reduction of the water-soluble tetrazolium salt {2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt (WST-1)} using 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone as an electron mediator was developed. Using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method, a long-term incubation time (7-14 days) was required to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the slowly growing NTM. The MICs for a variety of different antibiotics against the slowly growing NTM were determined by the WST-1 colorimetric method and compared with those obtained using the broth microdilution methods approved by the CLSI. Good agreement was found between the MICs determined after 3-4 days using the WST-1 colorimetric method and those obtained after 10-14 days using the broth microdilution method. The results suggest that the WST-1 colorimetric assay is a useful method for the rapid determination of the MICs for the slowly growing NTM.

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Increasing Incidence of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Taiwan, 2000–2008

Cited by 242 publications

References 12 publications

The Epidemiology of Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease in Japan

The Epidemiology of Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease in Japan

Evaluation of the Cobas TaqMan MTB Test for the Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex According to Acid-Fast-Bacillus Smear Grades in Respiratory Specimens

Rapid susceptibility testing for slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria using a colorimetric microbial viability assay based on the reduction of water-soluble tetrazolium WST-1

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