Increasing Intraspecific Diversity Enhances Settling Success in a Marine Invertebrate

Gamfeldt, Lars; Wallén, Johan; Jonsson, Per R.; Berntsson, Kent; Havenhand, Jon

doi:10.1890/05-0377

Cited by 68 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…If C. gigas does display facilitative settling behaviour, this would further enhance the effect of greater colonisation with repeated, smaller, inoculations. Gregariousness between genetically distinct larval cohorts has also been shown to cause increased colonisation in marine invertebrates (Gamfeldt et al 2005), however variability was reduced in our study by using multiple adults from a common commercial breeding line with reduced genetic variability relative to wild populations.…”

Section: Facilitationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Manipulating the intrinsic parameters of propagule pressure: implications for bio‐invasion

2012

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Abstract. Much effort has been devoted to understanding the factors promoting species colonisation, and processes that may cause small incipient populations to fail. Post colonisation and community level processes are proving to be less reliable predictors of initial population size and propagule pressure is now posited as a key predictor of species establishment. Yet, empirical studies manipulating the intrinsic parameters of propagule pressure, such as arrival frequency (number), and intensity (size) are lacking. Understanding colonisation and incipient population survival is particularly important in the field of bioinvasions. Propagule pressure is now often cited as a key determinant of invasion success, yet we have few empirical tests manipulating the intrinsic parameters of propagule pressure. We conducted a series of factorial field experiments utilizing larvae of the cosmopolitan invasive oyster Crassostrea gigas. A newly developed technique was used to quantitatively alter the size of propagules and the frequency at which they arrive. When total propagule pressure was held constant, and the size and arrival frequency was altered, frequent small inoculations dramatically increased incipient population size .65% relative to infrequent large introductions. We also found that smaller, less dense inoculations resulted in .85% greater proportional settlement and colonisation of this cosmopolitan species. Predation altered the overall survival of incipient oyster populations, but did not alter this pattern.Our findings may help explain patterns of ballast water and hull-fouling introductions, as ports and harbours that receive frequent exposure to invasive propagules from the same source location will be at greater risk of invasion.

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Section: Facilitationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Manipulating the intrinsic parameters of propagule pressure: implications for bio‐invasion

2012

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“…For example, decreased genetic variation in populations of barnacle larvae had a negative impact on larval recruitment (Gamfeldt et al 2005). In seagrass meadows, it has been shown that stands with less genetic variation are less productive, have lower diversity of associated flora and fauna, and are more susceptible toward extreme climate conditions (Reusch et al 2005).…”

Section: Effects Of Genetic Variation On Ecosystem Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Baltic Sea Populations: Local Extinction or Evolutionary Rescue?

Johannesson

Smolarz

Grahn

et al. 2011

AMBIO

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Environmental change challenges local and global survival of populations and species. In a speciespoor environment like the Baltic Sea this is particularly critical as major ecosystem functions may be upheld by single species. A complex interplay between demographic and genetic characteristics of species and populations determines risks of local extinction, chances of re-establishment of lost populations, and tolerance to environmental changes by evolution of new adaptations. Recent studies show that Baltic populations of dominant marine species are locally adapted, have lost genetic variation and are relatively isolated. In addition, some have evolved unusually high degrees of clonality and others are representatives of endemic (unique) evolutionary lineages. We here suggest that a consequence of local adaptation, isolation and genetic endemism is an increased risk of failure in restoring extinct Baltic populations. Additionally, restricted availability of genetic variation owing to lost variation and isolation may negatively impact the potential for evolutionary rescue following environmental change.

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“…Despite a growing interest among ecologists and conservation biologists in population-level consequences of phenotypic variation and polymorphism [3][4][5][6]10,[12][13][14], little experimental evidence is available to confirm that establishment success is higher for groups of dissimilar individuals [15,16], and the role of variation in functionally important phenotypic traits for establishment has never been examined under natural conditions in the wild. Tetrix subulata pygmy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) are well suited for such a study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in founder groups promotes establishment success in the wild

et al. 2012

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Environmental changes currently pose severe threats to biodiversity, and reintroductions and translocations are increasingly used to protect declining populations and species from extinction. Theory predicts that establishment success should be higher for more variable groups of dissimilar individuals. To test this 'diversity promotes establishment' hypothesis, we introduced colour polymorphic pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrix subulata) to different sites in the wild. The number of descendants found at the release sites the subsequent year increased with increasing number of colour morphs in the founder group, and variation in founder groups also positively affected colour morph diversity in the established populations. Since colour morphs differ in morphology, physiology, behaviour, reproductive life history and types of niche used, these findings demonstrate that variation among individuals in functionally important traits promotes establishment success under natural conditions, and further indicate that founder diversity may contribute to evolutionary rescue and increased population persistence.

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Increasing Intraspecific Diversity Enhances Settling Success in a Marine Invertebrate

Cited by 68 publications

References 36 publications

Manipulating the intrinsic parameters of propagule pressure: implications for bio‐invasion

Manipulating the intrinsic parameters of propagule pressure: implications for bio‐invasion

The Future of Baltic Sea Populations: Local Extinction or Evolutionary Rescue?

Variation in founder groups promotes establishment success in the wild

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