Increasing knowledge of Antarctic biodiversity: new endemic taxa of tardigrades (Eutardigrada; Ramazzottiidae) and their evolutionary relationships

Guidetti, Roberto; Massa, Edoardo; Bertolani, Roberto; Rebecchi, Lorena; Cesari, Michele

doi:10.1080/14772000.2019.1649737

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Specifically, C. holmeni was originally described from Greenland [ 29 ], and was commonly considered a rare species [ 84 ], but later reports from the Caucasus [ 85 ], the Canadian Arctic [ 86 , 87 ], Italian Alps [ 67 , 84 ], Kashmir [ 22 ], Mongolia [ 88 ] and the Chinese part of Tien-Shan [ 89 ], elucidated its stenothermic preferences, restricting the occurrence to single insular habitats dispersed across the Holarctic. A similar biogeographic pattern was suggested for Eohypsibius [ 90 ], Bertolanius [ 91 ] and recently for Cryoconicus ([ 92 ], later amended by the data from Antarctica, see [ 93 ]). Furthermore, C. lobatus has the broadest geographical range of all known congeners, being present in entire temperate Eurasia, Mediterranean Africa, North America and northern parts of South America [ 80 , 94 – 96 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

RevisedCornechiniscus(Heterotardigrada) and new phylogenetic analyses negate echiniscid subfamilies and tribes

Gąsiorek

Michalczyk

2020

R. Soc. open sci.

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Echiniscidae are undoubtedly the most thoroughly studied lineage of the class Heterotardigrada. Recently, new subfamilies and tribes grouping echiniscid genera based on traditionally recognized morphological clues have been proposed. Here, by integrative analyses of morphology and DNA sequences of numerous populations of a rare genus Cornechiniscus , we show that this hypothesized classification is artificial. Specifically, we demonstrate that Echiniscinae are diphyletic, as Bryodelphax forms a distinct phyletic lineage within Echiniscidae, and Pseudechiniscinae are polyphyletic, with Mopsechiniscus being indirectly related to Pseudechiniscus , which is closer to the Echiniscus -like genera than to other genera with pseudosegmental plates. Consequently, the subfamilies and tribes are considered as unsupported from the phylogenetic and morphological point of view. The genus Cornechiniscus is revised, and the phenotypic diagnoses of several species are updated thanks to new rich material from Africa, Asia and Europe. Cornechiniscus imperfectus sp. nov. is described from mountains of Kyrgyzstan, being the second appendaged species within the genus and the third known to exhibit dioecy. A taxonomic key to the genus is provided. Systematic positions of Acanthechiniscus and Multipseudechiniscus are also discussed. Acanthechiniscus goedeni is confirmed to be a member of the genus Acanthechiniscus .

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

RevisedCornechiniscus(Heterotardigrada) and new phylogenetic analyses negate echiniscid subfamilies and tribes

Gąsiorek

Michalczyk

2020

R. Soc. open sci.

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“…Currently, ca. 75 tardigrade species have been reported from continental Antarctic and few from other regions (for review see [12] and later publications [2,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Records of Antarctic Tardigrada with Comments on Interpopulation Variability of the Paramacrobiotus fairbanksi Schill, Förster, Dandekar and Wolf, 2010

et al. 2020

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Studies on Antarctic tardigrades started at the beginning of the twentieth century and have progressed very slowly and ca. 75 tardigrade species are known from this region. Paramacrobiotus fairbanksi was described from USA based on genetic markers and later reported from Italy, Poland, and Spain. The “everything is everywhere” hypothesis suggests that microscopic organisms have specific features which help them to inhabit most of environments and due to this they can be considered cosmopolitan. In the present paper, we report eight tardigrade taxa from Antarctic, including the first report of Pam. fairbanksi from Southern Hemisphere, which could suggest that the “everything is everywhere” hypothesis could be true, at least for some tardigrade species. Moreover, we also genetically and morphologically compare a few different populations of Pam. fairbanksi. The p-distances between COI haplotypes of all sequenced Pam. fairbanksi populations from Antarctica, Italy, Spain, USA and Poland ranged from 0.002% to 0.005%. In the case of COI polymorphism analyses, only one haplotype was observed in populations from Antarctica, USA and Poland, two haplotypes were found in population from Spain, and six haplotypes were observed in population from Italy. We also found some statistically significant morphometrical differences between the populations of Pam. fairbanksi from different regions and designed a new specific primers for Paramacrobiotus taxa.

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“…Specimens were isolated from the extraction using a needle and a Pasteur pipette under a stereo microscope, and then mounted on slides in Hoyer’s or Faure-Berlese fluid for observations with LM and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy [CLSM]. Additional specimens were observed with SEM following the protocol of Guidetti et al 7 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a small part of the publications reporting species new to science focuses on the composition of the community of tardigrades inhabiting a substrate or an area, e.g. 2 – 7 , even if the importance of combining taxonomic and faunistic studies have been suggested, e.g. 8 – 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tardigrades of Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve with description of four new species from Sweden

Massa

Guidetti

Cesari

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve [KVBR] is a UNESCO designated area of Sweden possessing high biological value. Although several studies on tardigrades inhabiting Sweden have been performed, the KVBR area has been neglected. The current study investigates the tardigrade fauna of five areas of the biosphere reserve and includes 34 samples of different substrates analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. In total, 33 species of tardigrades were found in the samples, including 22 new records for the Skåne region, 15 new records for Sweden, and four species new to science. Mesobiotus emiliae sp. nov., Xerobiotus gretae sp. nov., Itaquascon magnussoni sp. nov., and Thulinius gustavi sp. nov. were described with an integrative approach (when possible) using morphological characters (light, electron scanning, and confocal laser scanning microscopies) and molecular markers (ITS2, 18S, 28S, cox1). A new protocol to increase morphological data was developed recovering mounted specimens within old slides for SEM analysis. Emended diagnoses for the genus Itaquascon and the transfer of Platicrista itaquasconoide to the genus Meplitumen are proposed. This study enriches the knowledge of the tardigrade biodiversity both within the KVBR and in Sweden and contributes to the rapidly increasing number of tardigrade species reported worldwide. The 33 species identified in the KVBR area represents 28% of all water bear species found in Sweden so far. The restricted study areas and limited number of samples collected suggests that the KVBR is very rich of tardigrades.

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Increasing knowledge of Antarctic biodiversity: new endemic taxa of tardigrades (Eutardigrada; Ramazzottiidae) and their evolutionary relationships

Cited by 36 publications

References 65 publications

RevisedCornechiniscus(Heterotardigrada) and new phylogenetic analyses negate echiniscid subfamilies and tribes

RevisedCornechiniscus(Heterotardigrada) and new phylogenetic analyses negate echiniscid subfamilies and tribes

New Records of Antarctic Tardigrada with Comments on Interpopulation Variability of the Paramacrobiotus fairbanksi Schill, Förster, Dandekar and Wolf, 2010

Tardigrades of Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve with description of four new species from Sweden

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