Increasing number of therapy sessions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves motor development by reducing muscle spasticity in cerebral palsy children

Rajak, Bablu Lal; Gupta, Meena; Bhatia, Dinesh; Mukherjee, Arun

doi:10.4103/aian.aian_102_18

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Given the limited amount of data included, we only ran a meta-regression analysis, including the number of NiBS sessions as moderator. Its effect was significant ( p = 0.050), suggesting that increasing the number of sessions reduced craving scores, in line with results from previous studies and meta-analyses on various psychiatric and neurological conditions [ 128 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Betting on Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation to Treat Gambling Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2023

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Gambling disorder (GD) is a behavioral addiction that severely impacts individuals’ functioning, leading to high socioeconomic costs. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NiBS) has received attention for treating psychiatric and neurological conditions in recent decades, but there is no recommendation for its use for GD. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review and analyze the available literature to determine the effectiveness of NiBS in treating GD. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we screened four electronic databases up to July 2022 and selected relevant English-written original articles. We included ten papers in the systematic review and seven in the meta-analysis. As only two studies employed a sham-controlled design, the pre–post standardized mean change (SMCC) was computed as effect size only for real stimulation. The results showed a significant effect of NiBS in reducing craving scores (SMCC = −0.69; 95% CI = [−1.2, −0.2], p = 0.010). Moreover, considering the GD’s frequent comorbidity with mood disorders, we ran an exploratory analysis of the effects of NiBS on depressive symptoms, which showed significant decreases in post-treatment scores (SMCC = −0.71; 95% CI = [−1.1, −0.3], p < 0.001). These results provide initial evidence for developing NiBS as a feasible therapy for GD symptoms but further comprehensive research is needed to validate these findings. The limitations of the available literature are critically discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Betting on Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation to Treat Gambling Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2023

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“…Besides, Rajak et al (2019) treated children with spastic CP by rTMS with 10 Hz and 2,500 pulse sequences. The results showed that, after treatment, the degree of upper limb muscle spasm was significantly reduced ( Rajak et al, 2019 ). However, the role of rTMS at different frequencies is also different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, rTMS also has a positive effect on the treatment of children with CP. A large number of studies have proved that ( Valle et al, 2007 ; Feng et al, 2013 ; Rajak et al, 2019 ) rTMS can improve motor dysfunction in children with CP. Studies showed that ( Tan et al, 2014 ) rTMS can improve cerebral blood flow, improve the metabolic environment of brain cells, delay the cell death cycle, and promote the recovery of brain function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Effects of 5-Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation With and Without Wrist-Ankle Acupuncture on Improving Spasticity and Motor Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2021

Front. Neurosci.

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Objective: The goal of this study is to explore the effect of wrist-ankle acupuncture combined with 5-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on improving spastic state and motor function of children with spastic cerebral palsy by measuring electrophysiological parameters and behaviors.Methods: Twenty-five children with spastic cerebral palsy were enrolled in a single-blind and randomized controlled trial. The control group received 20 sessions of 5-Hz rTMS over the affected hemisphere with 1,000 pulses. The experimental group was given wrist-ankle acupuncture on the basis of the control group. Gross motor function measure (GMFM-66), muscle tension, and electrophysiological parameters of the two groups were assessed at baseline and after intervention.Results: After treatment, the GMFM-66 scores in the same groups were significantly improved (p < 0.001). Besides, the R-value of soleus, gastrocnemius, and hamstring muscle decreased (p < 0.05), and the results showed a trend of shortening MEP latency, increasing amplitude and duration (p < 0.05). Compared to the controlled group, the experimental group displayed more excellent changes in the GMFM-66 scores and motor evoked potential (MEP) latency. The statistical results showed that the increase of GMFM-66 score and the shortening of MEP latency in the experimental group were greater than that in the control group (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the assessment of muscle tension, amplitude, and duration of MEPs between two groups (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Wrist-ankle acupuncture combined with 5-Hz rTMS is optimal to improve gross motor function and enhance the conductivity of corticospinal tract in children with cerebral palsy but cannot highlight its clinical superiority in improving spasticity.Clinical Trial Registration: [http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx], identifier [chictr2000039495].

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“…The only partial effectiveness and lack of long-term effectivity shown in the study of Gillick et al may be associated with the relatively low number of rTMS sessions involved (five), which in addition were administered every second day (on the alternate days, the CIMT was performed). The therapeutic advantage of a larger number of sessions was documented in the later study by Rajak et al ., where improvement in the gross motor function measure was more prominent after 40 rather than 30 or 20 sessions [ 88 ]. The PLASTIC CHAMPS study (Plastic Adaptation Stimulated by TMS and Induced Constraint for Congenital Hemiparesis After Perinatal Stroke) is distinguished from the others as it involved a significantly bigger group ( n = 45) receiving more intensive therapy: ten daily rTMS sessions and the CIMT therapy covering 90% of waking time [ 89 ].…”

Section: Viewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in cerebral palsy

Antczak¹

2021

ppn

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Purpose: Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the leading causes of child disability, which profoundly affects the lives of whole families and contributes to the burden of health care. Despite the extensive rehabilitative, surgical and other therapeutic efforts of an array of specialists, a significant proportion of patients remain severely disabled. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive diagnostic tool in various diseases of the cerebral cortex and cortico-spinal tract (CST). Repetitive TMS (rTMS) is able to induce a long-lasting cerebral plasticity, which is associated with a therapeutic effect in a number of psychiatric and neurological diseases. This article reviews the diagnostic findings gained with TMS in CP as well as therapeutic trials performed with rTMS. Views: The absence of responses in the motor cortex in the first months of life, as revealed by TMS, may predict the development of CP in children at risk. In a proportion of children with the unilateral form of CP, TMS documents the pathological preservation of ipsilateral, cortico-spinal connections from the non-lesioned hemisphere, which is associated with poor outcome. rTMS seems to be a safe method with significant therapeutic potential in CP. The data published so far reveals an almost unanimously significant therapeutic benefit in motor performance over placebo. However, the studies conducted to date have almost without exception involved children with unilateral palsy, and have focused nearly exclusively on therapy for motor symptoms. Conclusions: Magnetic stimulation brings significant diagnostic and therapeutic effects in CP. However, more studies that go beyond the limits specified above are still awaited.

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Increasing number of therapy sessions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves motor development by reducing muscle spasticity in cerebral palsy children

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Betting on Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation to Treat Gambling Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Betting on Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation to Treat Gambling Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Evaluating the Effects of 5-Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation With and Without Wrist-Ankle Acupuncture on Improving Spasticity and Motor Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in cerebral palsy

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